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What is meant by Hydraulic smooth pipe?

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In Inventions, Mechanical Engineering, Hydraulics
The original answer is incorrect (at least in the North American meaning of the term 'Hydraulically smooth'. Hydraulically smooth mean that the roughness on the wall of the pipe is less than 1/2 of the thickness of the viscous sublayer of the turbulent flow. The viscous sublayer is (well) less than 1% of the pipe diameter. The viscous sublayer thickness is calculated as:
t=5D*(8^0.5)/((f^0/5)*Re

where t is the thickness, D is the Diameter, f is the Darcy Friction Factor (found from the Moody Diagram or the Colebrook Equation, and Re is the Reynolds number, based upon pipe diameter and the average flow velocity in the pipe.

Re = u*D/v

u is average velocity
v is kinematic viscosity

As a last comment on the old response, it is in fact describing the critical flow rate for transition to turbulence (i.e. the flow rate for Re ~= 2300). The exact value for transition to turbulence is dicey to determine, and does, as the answer says, depend on the roughness and disturbances. Further, as the equation for Reynolds number shows, the transition to turbulence also depends on diameter. Laminar (not turbulent) flow is often called 'smooth', and the study of fluid motion is hydraulics, so it's easy to get the meaning of 'hydraulically smooth', mixed up with 'smooth (laminar) flow'

*****Old (incorrect) response*****
The flow rate inside a pipe that will produce laminar(No turbulence) flow. The physical smoothness plays a part but need not be as smooth as glass. A concrete, cast iron , copper and glass pipe can all produce laminar flow. The flow rate at which turbulence begins (no longer hydraulically smooth) will depend upon the surface texture where rougher surfaces will cause turbulence to occur at lower flow rates compared to a smoother material. Raise the flow rate enough and your will eventually get turbulence.

So to have hydraulically smooth pipes you would need to spec no only the material but diameter as well to ensure laminar flow up to the max expected flow rate. Also any turbulence inducing fittings would also be included. For example a bar grate in a storm water system could be installed such that hydraulically smooth flow is maintained for low flow rates. (The water ca easily pass around the bars). During the high flows a storm would produce the bar grate would cause a restriction and you would no longer have smooth flow.
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What are hydraulics?

hydraulics is the use of an incompressible fluid to perform work by displacing areas, which will create either linear or rotary movement of actuators.

What is the plural for hydraulic?

The plural of hydraulic is hydraulics. Creating the plural form ofthis word is accomplished by adding an s to the singular form.

Why is the smooth Endo Reticulum smooth?

Answer . Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is considered "smooth" because it does not contain ribosomes that attach to its walls. "Rough" endoplasmic reticulum, on the other hand, is classified as all endoplasmic reticulum walls where ribosomes are attached. Ribosomes are created inside the nucleus and often move through the endoplasmic reticulum in the process of carrying out their function - making proteins.

What is a hydraulic lift?

Assume a small piston (one square inch area) applies a weight of 1 lbs. to a confined hydraulic fluid. That provides a pressure of 1 lbs. per square inch throughout the fluid. If another larger piston with an area of 10 square inches is in contact with the fluid, that piston will feel a force of 1 lbs/square inch x 10 square inches = 10 lbs. . So we can apply 1 lbs. to the small piston and get 10 lbs.

What is smooth?

Wood that is smoothed out. The noise produced by a well tuned automobile engine. Silk. A baby's buns.

What is a hydraulic Jack?

a hydraulic jack is a mechanical arrangement that uses the power of fluids(hydraulic - study of mechanical property of fluids) to lift really heavy objects It consists of two enclosed containers connected to each other with a certain volume of liquid between them.Each of this containers has a piston , the first container has a smaller diameter while the second is large and has a greater diameter when force is applied to the piston of the first container the liquid moves form the first container to the second container and exerts a force on the piston causing the piston to be displaced since the second container is bigger a big displacement in the first container causes a small displacement in the second container but since the work w = f.d remains constant the force increases hence the displacement in the second container is used to lift heavy loads

What is hydraulic capacity?

Measure of the volume of water which a structure can pass; measure of the volume and flow of water within a watercourse.

What is hydraulic lifts?

Hydraulic lifts utilize a hydraulic piston or ram, typically oil filled, to supply the lifting force for raising or lowering an object/load. These hydraulic systems are usually subdivided by the initial force that drives the hydraulic pump which supplies pressure for the piston. Air/Hydraulics (air over hydraulics) and Electric/Hydraulics (electric over hydraulics) are the two most popular types of power supplies for hydraulic driven systems. Cables and pulleys are often incorporated in hydraulic systems to provide equalization between multiple hydraulic cylinders that must work in unison and to remotely transfer the lifting force to areas where a large cylinder would be impractical to locate.

What is hydraulics?

Hydraulics is the term we apply to engineering compressed liquids . The industry frequently applies the term fluid power to hydraulics, though it is a bit of a misnomer as fluids include gases. Gases are compressible, while liquids are largely incompressible. In hydraulics, some sort of pump or compressor will pressurize the liquid (which is quite often hydraulic fluid) to add energy to it so that the fluid can be used to operate rams or drive fluid powered motors. The trash trucks that dump those big containers use hydraulic power, as do the big cement mixers, which use it turn the mixing container to keep the concrete in motion.. Wikipedia has a nice article on hydraulics, and a link to their post is provided. You'll find that link below.

What is a hydraulic device?

machine that takes advantage of the fact that pressure is sorted out equally in all directions possible in a liquid. :)

What are the advantages of hydraulics?

-dont take up a lot of space. -good if you need a lot of power, quickly and accurately

What does Hydraulic mean?

It is the operation of machinery created by putting water, oil, or some other liquid under pressure.

What is a hydraulic function?

A hydraulic function is a function that employs water or other liquid for something to operation. There are many types of hydraulic motors or machinery used for engineering purposes. The heart would be a good example of a natural hydraulic function.

What is hydraulic acid?

Hyaluronic acid ( also known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan. In nature it is found in connective,epithelial, and neural tissues. It Medically may be used in speeding up the healing of wounds. It is also used in cosmetics

What are you meant to do?

Truthfully, this could go under the philosophy section. Our purpose on Earth has been a subject that has tried the minds of philosophers and great thinkers since time immemorial. It is what inspired religion, founded science. Yet over thousands of years, the question is unanswered. That's because there IS no answer. You must search into yourself, and only you can decide this question's answer for yourself.

Why is smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum smooth?

Because there are no ribosomes on the surface of this organelle, unlike its couterpart, the rough endoplasmic reticulum whcih gets its name from the presence of the ribosomes.

What is Hydraulic machine?

A hydraulic machine is a machine that is powered by hydraulicsfluids. The hydraulic system can produce a lot of power from smallequipment.

What is the bursting pressure of galvanized pipe can you run hydraulic fluid through galvanized pipe?

NONE!!!!. Zinc flakes are not good for a hydraulic system. Black pipe may be used for non-pressurized return and suction lines only.

What are hydraulics an how do they work?

Hydraulics are fundamentally a means of transmitting force and movement from one point to another via a liquid which is free of gas and is therefore incompressible. The other considerable advantage of this system is that pressure = force divided by area. This means that if the slave cylinder at the working end has twice the surface area on top of the cylinder than that of the master cylinder, then it is moved with twice the force but only travels half the distance. This means of generating a mechanical advantage whilst transmitting the force to a point remote from where it is applied makes it extremely useful.

What are hydraulics and pneumatics?

hydraulics is the use of liquids particularly hydraulic oils as a medium to create force . where as pneumatics also used air.

What does the word hydraulic?

1. operated by, moved by, or employing water or other liquids in motion. 2. operated by the pressure created by forcing water, oil, or another liquid through a comparatively narrow pipe or orifice. 3. of or pertaining to water or other liquids in motion. 4. of or pertaining to hydraulics. 5. hardening under water, as a cement. (i just looked it up)

Your 1985 Nissan 720 4x4 sputters and black smoke comes out the exhasut pipe as it runs it has a uneven idle once it warms up it clears up and runs smooth but at a high idle?

i had the same problem,ihad it rebuilt 3 times from 3 different carb. rebuilders and couldn't get it right ,ifinallyi took it to the Nissan dealer and they told me that 85 carb. is a2 part carb. and 1 part u cant get into, so i put awebber 32/36 carb. on and took it to a carb. shop and he fined tuned the old carb will make your piston rings go bad,it did mine, i put ajasper engine in and the new carb. at the same time, ibet no one has abetter running and looking 85 king cab 4x4 than mine /for pictures,706 580-6110

What is hydraulic press?

Short Answer: A hydraulic press is a means of generating mechanical advantage by using a fluid and two different sized pistons. Hydraulic presses can be used for a lot of things. In a shop it is often used to press metal pins into holes or bearings into housings so that metal parts can be made to stay together without fasteners or threads. In a lab hydraulic presses are often used to compress powders into solid cylinders or tablets. Sticks of chalk used on blackboards are made this way as well as aspirin tablets and other common products. Hydraulic presses can be run manually using the power of someone's arm or they can use an electric pump to create the necessary pressure in the hydraulic fluid. How it works: If I have a piston that is three inches in diameter sitting in a cylinder and I pump fluid in the bottom of it that piston will rise and lift whatever is above it such as a 2000 pound car. The pressure of the 2000 pound car on a three inch diameter piston produces about 261 pounds per square inch of pressure in the fluid below the piston. Piston Area = Pi*r^2 = 3.14 * 1.5 * 1.5 = 7.65 square inches Pressure = Force / Area = 2000 pounds / 7.65 square inches = 261 pounds per square inch If I have a pump with a piston that is only 0.25 inches in diameter (area = 3.14 * 0.125^2 = 0.049 square inches) I only need to push on it with about 98 lbs to lift a 2000 lb car. This works out to about a 20:1 mechanical advantage. The downside is that for every inch I want to raise the car I have to push the small piston in about 20 inches. This is how a hydraulic jack or "bottle jack" you'd find in a garage works. A practical jack or hydraulic press would have three valves and a fluid reservoir in addition to the pump and lifting piston. The pump would push fluid through a check valve, which only allows fluid to through one way, into the lifting piston cylinder causing it to rise when the handle is pressed down. When the handle is lifted the pump would suck fluid from the reservoir through another check valve. This lets you move the pump back and forth to get 20 inches or more of motion without having a 20 inch long pump piston. The third valve would let the pressurized fluid back into the reservoir when you wanted to lower the car. The reservoir would not be pressurized.

What is hydraulic transportation?

Hydraulic transportation in a simple way use of Hydraulics system in Transportation by mean of Direct application.

What is a pipe?

A pipe is most commonly defined as a hollow cylinder or tube used to conduct a liquid, gas, or finely divided solid.

Why can't a gas be used in a hydraulic pipe instead of a liquid?

gasses can compress, so a hydraulic pipe would be useless. In fact, the hydraulic pipe was invented just for water, hence the "hydra" part. Liquids cannot compress, instead they push out, so they are great for machines ( like brake fluid).

What is the Friction factor for a smooth pipe?

The friction factor used in the Darcy-Weisbach equation to calculate the pressure drop in pipe flows is dependent on the surface roughness inside the pipe and Reynolds number of the pipe flow. The relationship between the friction factor and the relative roughness, Reynolds number can be found in the Moody diagram.

Why very high pressure piping are made of stemless pipe smooth surfaces?

This question is poorly worded. Clean up the English so it is legible and understandable.

When are hydraulics used?

They are used by vehicals, engineering. They are used when vehicals move etc. They 'bounce'.

What is meant by seamless copper pipes?

seamless pipe actually mean a non- welded pipe, (the word pipe says that it has a central cavity, means hole) this means there would b no scars or marks on the surface of the pipe. Seamless copper pipes are of the same type,,initially copper billets are produced by extruding the raw copper and after obtaining the cylindrical copper billet of required dimensions it is transferred to Mannesmann Mill (famous for extruding seamless pipes),, where the central cavity is initially made by piercing, and then drawing it (with a mandrel attached), into a long tubular copper,, shubhakar.nidadavolu@gmail.com

On a 2004 F-250 Power Stroke 6.0 diesel why does is shoot out black smoke first thing in the A.M. from the exhaust pipe and runs rough and smooths out about half hour after running engin?

Seeing as it is a diesel engine it has to warm up first in the colder weather. You say that you are starting the engine early in the morning? Well the black smoke may be caused by he motor being cold or simply by the fact that it is a big diesel engine. The rough ride you are referring to is caused by the motor being under-heated, and then as the engine heats up it smooths out.

What is a hydraulic dynamometer?

Hydraulic dynamometers are machines that measure the power of an engine by using a cell filled with liquid to increase its load. Dynamometers, dynos or dynometers are used extensively in automotive and recreational vehicle applications because determining torque capacity, maximum rotary speed and maximum power absorption is important and valuable information for many drivers and riders. Hydraulic dynamometers are stationary and take measurements without requiring removal of the engine. These machines are also called water brake dynos because they use water or oil in the load cell. They are able to create different loads on the engine as well as maintain a steady RPM rate while testing, unlike inertia or chassis dynamometers. Because of this, these dynos are often used for troubleshooting tuning problems in the engine and determining if a part is not performing. In this way they contribute to a good overall power instead of a machine with a high horsepower peak. However, hydraulic dynos are more complicated than systems that use rolling barrels because of the way the dyno is attached. Also, the data requires more effort and knowledge to decipher because most hydraulic dynamometers are analog. Despite the few difficulties, these machines are still used in automotive, aircraft, aerospace, marine and industrial processes to measure chain or belt drives, gearboxes, fluid power systems, gas or diesel systems or transmissions in vehicles and motorcycles

What is meant by the statement smooth muscles are involuntary in action?

Muscle contrast much more slowly than the other two muscle types. Peristalsis, a wave like motion that keeps food moving through the small intestine, is typical of its activity. Simply put- You have no control over smooth muscle activity.

Draw the hydraulic gradient line and total energy line patterns for pipes of different diameter connected in series such that d1 greater to d2 greater to d3?

both line will have the same gradient with TEL at top make sure that both line will keep on dropping in a linear form and when the pipe diameter change there will be a vertical extra drop the only thing changing when going from pipe 1 to pipe 2 to pipe 3 is the distance between the TEL and HEL is that the difference between these two line will be larger that is because the difference represent the dynamic energy which is affected by the velocity, and the velocity will change with diameter the smaller the diameter the bigger the velocity. if there is something not clear just tell on rcsi.shadow@gmail.com

Why are hydraulics used?

there are three basic means of power transmission mechanical electrical and fluid power All these three are power transmission mediums mechanical - short distance very advantageous. electrical - long distance eg: hundreds of kilometres of electric grids. hydraulics - greater distance than the mechanical and shorter than the electrical They mostly substitute the mechanical power transmitters. Here there are no moving links as in mechanical medium only moving medium that is fluid. very high force multiplication possible. only fluid power capable of giving constant force or torque output at various speeds. they have very high power to weight ratio than there mechanical counterparts. a simple, compact, reliable, safe system possible only with fluid power. their control is very simple.

What is meant by pipe .how a pipe differs from queue?

In programming a "pipe" usually refers to a connection to a data source (aka a database). The difference between a queue and a pipe is that a queue usually caches some data from the data source while a pipe is just a connection to the data source.

The wall thickness of steel hydraulic brakes pipes most commonly fitted on cars is approximately?

the wall thickness of steel hydraulic brakes pipes most commonly fittes on cars are approximately?

What is meant by wpb in reference to pipe fittings?

There is a reference in ASTM A234 table A1.1. WPB or WPC are welded construction, it must have a W at end as... WPBW or WPCW.. WPB or WPC was made seamless, therefore it means Wrought Product and the last letter means the grade... B (35 Kpsi SMYS) and grade C (40 Kpsi SMYS).. Regards,. Jaime Rosendo.

What is hydraulic efficiency?

Hydraulic efficiency is the rate at which a hydraulic consumes gases and liquids to find different ways to make our lifestyles more efficient.

What is meant by do what you can with what you have where you are?

It means to make the best of what you have, what you can do with it and the best of where you are at the time. Say you're camping and there's no electricity so you can't plug in your electric coffee pot. You have coffee, drinking water, a pot. You're in the woods so you have wood that you can start a campfire with. Perhaps you've got some eggs, too. You can make camping coffee. You put your water, your coffee grounds in and some egg shells (not the egg). Well you boil it all together and the egg shells cause the grounds to settle at the bottom of the pot and Voila, you've got coffee! That's an example of doing what you can with what you have where you are.

Is there fluid in the pipe leading from the relief valve in a hydraulic circuit?

Yes. Because the relief valve is set to what the maximum operating pressure requirement is, it gets rid of the excess pressure by letting oil out once it reaches the pressure it is set to.

What can you do with hydraulics?

Hydraulic power can generate large force and we do our jobs better and faster. As such devices. Loader. Hydraulic jack. Car brake.

What is hydraulics bench?

Well, hydraulics bench is used by complex automatons to build up strength. It is particularly necassary when all your base are belong to use.

Are smooth muscles striated or smooth?

smooth. the etymology of the term smooth muscle relates to their lack of a striated pattern, and thus they are smooth.

What is meant by pipe lining in computer architecture?

it is very difficulty and self defeat6ing to differenttate admin and mgnt.these words are used interchangibly

What type of rigid piping should be used in hydraulic fluid service?

Hydraulic pipes and hoses made ​​of fiber-reinforced plastic and pressure-resistant. The site is connected to the screw press. Hydraulic pipes and hoses are very expensive.

What is the opposite of hydraulic?

There is no opposite. Hydraulic refers to liquid; an alternative would be "pneumatic,' which refers to gas.

Why is it an advantage for the connecting pipes to be flexible in a hydraulic machine?

In an assembly in which the power cylinder(s) and pumps are on a single, rigid frame, flexible hoses compensates for strains deflecting the machine's structure between pump and power cylinder. Where the cylinders are on an articulated assembly such as the arm of an excavator, the flexible hoses are necessary to cope with the travels of the various parts of the machine relative to each other. Such movements can be accomodated with swivel joints between rigid pipes but these are more complicated to make and fit, and relatively less reliable, than simple flexibles.

What is meant by 'What can you do'?

The question or interrogatory, 'What can you do' (followed with aquestion mark) asks a person to state or list the knowledge orskills they possess to handle a particular circumstance or problem.For examples: . The man asked the washer repair person 'What can you do?' Hehoped the repairman knew the mechanics of washing machines andcould do the repair correctly. In a different kind of meaning: . A teen boy told his friend about a problem that was toochallenging for a boy only 14 years old to solve. He witnessedsomeone doing something wrong, but was scared to tell anyone. Theboy said, "I guess I need to go tell my dad." His friend answered,"What else can you do?" That means the boy arrived at the onlylogical choice or solution.

What is the average cost for a hydraulic pipe bender?

The cost for a hydraulic pipe bender varies depending on the brand and bending power among other features, some start at $4000 (STB series) and other at $145 for a 16 ton bending power. Average cost for most hydraulic pipe benders are $350.