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An unsigned char is a byte; its value can be between 0 and (2^8) - 1 (i.e., 0-255).
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How do you attach parity bit in c language?
for example: unsigned char attach (unsigned char byte, unsigned char bit) { unsigned char mybyte; mybyte = byte&0x7f; if (bit) mybyte |= 0x80; return mybyte; }
Code to implement memcpy in c?
unsigned char * memcpy(unsigned char * s1, unsigned char * s2, long size) { long ix; s1= (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(s2))); for(ix=0; ix < size; ix++) s1[ix] = s2[ix]; return s1; }
What is the function of dos.h?
You can find a copy of that file in here: http://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/PC-stuff/freedos/files/devel/c/dos.h in case the server is down check the extracted file: #ifndef __DOS_H #define __DOS_H #include <_defs.h> #include <stddef.h> #ifdef __WATCOMC__ #pragma pack( __push, 1 ) #endif struct _R16BIT { unsigned short ax, bx, cx, dx, si, di, es, cs, ss, ds, flags; unsigned char cflag; }; struct _R8BIT { unsigned char al, ah, bl, bh, cl, ch, dl, dh; }; union _INTR { struct _R16BIT x; struct _R8BIT h; }; #define INTR _INTR struct country { int co_date; /* date format */ char co_curr[ 5 ]; /* currency symbol */ char co_thsep[ 2 ]; /* thousands separator */ char co_desep[ 2 ]; /* decimal separator */ char co_dtsep[ 2 ]; /* date separator */ char co_tmsep[ 2 ]; /* time separator */ char co_currstyle; /* currency style */ char co_digits; /* significant digits in currency */ char co_time; /* time format */ long co_case; /* case map */ char co_dasep[ 2 ]; /* data separator */ char co_fill[ 10 ]; /* filler */ }; #define COUNTRY country struct DOSERROR { int de_exterror; /* extended error */ char de_class; /* error class */ char de_action; /* action */ char de_locus; /* error locus */ }; struct date { unsigned int da_year; /* current year */ unsigned char da_day; /* day of the month */ unsigned char da_mon; /* month (1 = Jan) */ }; struct dosdate_t { unsigned char day; /* 1--31 */ unsigned char month; /* 1--12 */ unsigned int year; /* 1980--2099 */ unsigned char dayofweek; /* 0--6; 0 = Sunday */ }; struct devhdr { long dh_next; short dh_attr; unsigned short dh_strat; unsigned short dh_inter; char dh_name[ 8 ]; }; struct dfree { unsigned df_avail; /* Available clusters */ unsigned df_total; /* Total clusters */ unsigned df_bsec; /* Bytes per sector */ unsigned df_sclus; /* Sectors per cluster */ }; struct diskfree_t { unsigned total_clusters; unsigned avail_clusters; unsigned sectors_per_cluster; unsigned bytes_per_sector; }; typedef struct { char drive; char pattern [ 13 ]; char reserved [ 7 ]; char attrib; short time; short date; long size; char nameZ [ 13 ]; } dosSearchInfo; struct fatinfo { char fi_sclus; /* sectors per cluster */ char fi_fatid; /* the FAT id byte */ int fi_nclus; /* number of clusters */ int fi_bysec; /* bytes per sector */ }; struct ffblk { #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ unsigned short cr_time; /* time of file creation */ unsigned short cr_date; /* date of file creation */ unsigned short ac_time; /* time of last file access */ unsigned short ac_date; /* date of last file access */ char ff_reserved[ 13 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #else char ff_reserved[ 21 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #endif char ff_attrib; /* attribute byte for file */ unsigned short ff_ftime; /* time of last write to file */ unsigned short ff_fdate; /* date of last write to file */ unsigned long ff_fsize; /* length of file in bytes */ #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ char ff_name[ 256 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ unsigned short lfnhandle;/* DOS LFN support handle */ #else char ff_name[ 13 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ #endif }; struct find_t { #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ unsigned short cr_time; /* time of file creation */ unsigned short cr_date; /* date of file creation */ unsigned short ac_time; /* time of last file access */ unsigned short ac_date; /* date of last file access */ char reserved[ 13 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #else char reserved[ 21 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #endif char attrib; /* attribute byte for file */ unsigned short wr_time; /* time of last write to file */ unsigned short wr_date; /* date of last write to file */ unsigned long size; /* length of file in bytes */ #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ char name[ 256 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ unsigned short lfnhandle;/* DOS LFN support handle */ #else char name[ 13 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ #endif }; #define _find_t find_t struct fcb { char fcb_drive; char fcb_name[ 8 ], fcb_ext[ 3 ]; short fcb_curblk, fcb_recsize; long fcb_filsize; short fcb_date; char fcb_resv[ 10 ], fcb_currec; long fcb_random; }; struct xfcb { char xfcb_flag; char xfcb_resv[ 5 ]; char xfcb_attr; struct fcb xfcb_fcb; }; struct dostime_t { unsigned char hour; /* Hours */ unsigned char minute; /* Minutes */ unsigned char second; /* Seconds */ unsigned char hsecond; /* Hundredths of seconds */ }; struct time { unsigned char ti_min; /* minutes */ unsigned char ti_hour; /* hours */ unsigned char ti_hund; /* hundredths of seconds */ unsigned char ti_sec; /* seconds */ }; #ifdef __WATCOMC__ #pragma pack( __pop ) #endif extern int __getversion( void ); extern char ** environ; #define _version (*__getversion)() extern unsigned char _osmajor; extern unsigned char _osminor; extern int absread( int drive, int sects, long lsect, void *buffer ); extern int abswrite( int drive, int sects, long lsect, void *buffer ); extern int allocmem( unsigned size, unsigned *seg ); extern int bdos( int ah, unsigned dx, unsigned al ); extern int bdosptr( int ah, void *argument, unsigned al ); extern int _callint( union INTR *regs ); extern struct COUNTRY * country( int xcode, struct COUNTRY *ct ); extern void ctrlbrk( int ( *handler )( void ) ); extern void delay( unsigned mill ); extern void _disable( void ); extern unsigned _dos_allocmem( unsigned size, unsigned *seg ); extern unsigned _dos_close( int handle ); extern unsigned _dos_creat( const char *path, int attr, unsigned *handle ); extern unsigned _dos_creatnew( const char *path, int attr, unsigned *handle ); extern int __cdecl dosexterror( struct DOSERROR *errblk ); extern unsigned _dos_findfirst( char *filename, int attrib, void *strptr ); extern unsigned _dos_findnext( void *strptr ); extern unsigned _dos_findclose( void *strptr ); extern unsigned _dos_freemem( unsigned seg ); extern void __cdecl _dos_getdate( struct dosdate_t *ptr ); extern unsigned __cdecl _dos_getdiskfree( unsigned char dr, struct diskfree_t *d ); extern unsigned _dos_getdrive( unsigned *disk ); extern unsigned _dos_getfileattr( const char *filename, unsigned *attrs ); extern unsigned __cdecl _dos_getftime( int handle, unsigned *date, unsigned *time ); extern void __cdecl _dos_gettime( struct dostime_t *timeptr ); extern void ( interrupt far * _dos_getvect( unsigned intno ) )( ); extern void _dos_keep( unsigned char retcode, unsigned size ); extern unsigned _dos_open( const char *path, unsigned flags, unsigned *handle ); extern unsigned _dos_read( int handle, void far *buf, unsigned len, unsigned *nread ); extern unsigned _dos_setblock( unsigned newsize, unsigned seg, unsigned *max ); extern void _dos_setdate( struct dosdate_t *ptr ); extern void _dos_setdrive( unsigned disk, unsigned *total ); extern unsigned _dos_setfileattr( const char *filename, unsigned attrs ); extern unsigned _dos_setftime( int handle, unsigned date, unsigned time ); extern unsigned _dos_settime( struct dostime_t *timeptr ); extern void _dos_setvect( unsigned intno, void ( interrupt far *vect )() ); extern time_t dostounix( struct date *date, struct time *time ); extern unsigned _dos_write( int handle, void far *buf, unsigned len, unsigned *bytes ); extern void _enable( void ); extern int freemem( unsigned seg ); extern int getcbrk( void ); extern void __cdecl getdate( struct date *datep ); extern void __cdecl getdfree( unsigned char drive, struct dfree *dtable ); extern char * getdta( void ); extern void getfat( unsigned char drive, struct fatinfo *dtable ); extern void getfatd( struct fatinfo *dtable ); extern unsigned getpsp( void ); extern void __cdecl gettime( struct time *timeptr ); extern void ( interrupt far * getvect( int intno ) )( ); extern int getverify( void ); extern int inp( unsigned id ); extern unsigned inpw( unsigned id ); extern unsigned inport( unsigned id ); extern unsigned char inportb( unsigned id ); extern void keep( unsigned char retcode, unsigned size ); extern void nosound( void ); extern int outp( unsigned id, int value ); extern unsigned outpw( unsigned id, unsigned value ); extern void outport( unsigned id, unsigned value ); extern void outportb( unsigned id, unsigned char value ); extern char * parsfnm( const char *cmdline, struct fcb *ptr, int al ); extern int peek( unsigned seg, unsigned offs ); extern char peekb( unsigned seg, unsigned offs ); extern void poke( unsigned seg, unsigned offs, int value ); extern void pokeb( unsigned seg, unsigned offs, char value ); extern int randbrd( struct fcb *buf, int rnum ); extern int randbwr( struct fcb *buf, int rnum ); extern int setblock( unsigned newsize, unsigned seg ); extern int setcbrk( int value ); extern void setdate( struct date *datep ); extern void setdta( char far *dta ); extern void setpsp( unsigned psp ); extern void settime( struct time *timeptr ); extern void setvect( int intno, void ( interrupt far *vect )() ); extern void setverify( int flag ); extern void sleep( unsigned x ); extern void sound( unsigned frequency ); extern void unixtodos( time_t longtime, struct date *date, struct time *time ); extern int unlink( const char *filename ); #define disable _disable #define enable _enable #define _A_NORMAL 0x00 #define _A_RDONLY 0x01 #define _A_HIDDEN 0x02 #define _A_SYSTEM 0x04 #define _A_VOLID 0x08 #define _A_SUBDIR 0x10 #define _A_ARCH 0x20 #define FA_NORMAL _A_NORMAL #define FA_RDONLY _A_RDONLY #define FA_HIDDEN _A_HIDDEN #define FA_SYSTEM _A_SYSTEM #define FA_LABEL _A_VOLID #define FA_DIREC _A_SUBDIR #define FA_ARCH _A_ARCH #define NFDS 20 #define SEEK_SET 0 #define SEEK_CUR 1 #define SEEK_END 2 #define MK_FP( seg, ofs ) ( ( void * )\ ( ( ( unsigned long )( seg ) << 16 ) |\ ( unsigned )( ofs ) ) ) #define FP_SEG(fp) ( ( unsigned )( ( unsigned long )( fp ) >> 16 ) ) #define FP_OFF(fp) ( ( unsigned )( fp ) ) #define __peek( a,b ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define __peekb( a,b ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define __poke( a,b,c ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( int )(c)) #define __pokeb( a,b,c ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( char )(c)) #define peek( a,b ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define peekb( a,b ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define poke( a,b,c ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( int )(c)) #define pokeb( a,b,c ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( char )(c)) #ifndef __NO_INLINE_FUNCTIONS #pragma aux _enable = "sti"; #pragma aux _disable = "cli"; #pragma aux inp = "in al, dx" parm [dx] value [al] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux inpw = "in ax, dx" parm [dx] value [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux inport = "in ax, dx" parm [dx] value [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux inportb = "in al, dx" parm [dx] value [al] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outp = "out dx, al" parm [dx] [al] value [al] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outpw = "out dx, ax" parm [dx] [ax] value [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outport = "out dx, ax" parm [dx] [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outportb = "out dx, al" parm [dx] [al] modify [ax dx]; #endif #endif
What is the significance of declaring a constant unsigned integer?
What is the significance of declaring a constant unsigned integer?
How do you convert char array into unsigned char array in c?
You can't convert the data type of any variable.
How do you attach parity bit in c language?
for example: unsigned char attach (unsigned char byte, unsigned char bit) { unsigned char mybyte; mybyte = byte&0x7f; if (bit) mybyte |= 0x80; return mybyte; }
Can we perform bitwise circular shift in c?
Yes: unsigned char CircLeft (unsigned char value) { if (value&0x80) return (value<<1) + 1; else return (value<<1); } unsigned char CircRight (unsigned char value) { if (value&0x01) return (value>>1) + 0x80; else return (value>>1); }
What are different types of char?
signed and unsigned
Code to implement memcpy in c?
unsigned char * memcpy(unsigned char * s1, unsigned char * s2, long size) { long ix; s1= (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(s2))); for(ix=0; ix < size; ix++) s1[ix] = s2[ix]; return s1; }
What is the function of dos.h?
You can find a copy of that file in here: http://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/PC-stuff/freedos/files/devel/c/dos.h in case the server is down check the extracted file: #ifndef __DOS_H #define __DOS_H #include <_defs.h> #include <stddef.h> #ifdef __WATCOMC__ #pragma pack( __push, 1 ) #endif struct _R16BIT { unsigned short ax, bx, cx, dx, si, di, es, cs, ss, ds, flags; unsigned char cflag; }; struct _R8BIT { unsigned char al, ah, bl, bh, cl, ch, dl, dh; }; union _INTR { struct _R16BIT x; struct _R8BIT h; }; #define INTR _INTR struct country { int co_date; /* date format */ char co_curr[ 5 ]; /* currency symbol */ char co_thsep[ 2 ]; /* thousands separator */ char co_desep[ 2 ]; /* decimal separator */ char co_dtsep[ 2 ]; /* date separator */ char co_tmsep[ 2 ]; /* time separator */ char co_currstyle; /* currency style */ char co_digits; /* significant digits in currency */ char co_time; /* time format */ long co_case; /* case map */ char co_dasep[ 2 ]; /* data separator */ char co_fill[ 10 ]; /* filler */ }; #define COUNTRY country struct DOSERROR { int de_exterror; /* extended error */ char de_class; /* error class */ char de_action; /* action */ char de_locus; /* error locus */ }; struct date { unsigned int da_year; /* current year */ unsigned char da_day; /* day of the month */ unsigned char da_mon; /* month (1 = Jan) */ }; struct dosdate_t { unsigned char day; /* 1--31 */ unsigned char month; /* 1--12 */ unsigned int year; /* 1980--2099 */ unsigned char dayofweek; /* 0--6; 0 = Sunday */ }; struct devhdr { long dh_next; short dh_attr; unsigned short dh_strat; unsigned short dh_inter; char dh_name[ 8 ]; }; struct dfree { unsigned df_avail; /* Available clusters */ unsigned df_total; /* Total clusters */ unsigned df_bsec; /* Bytes per sector */ unsigned df_sclus; /* Sectors per cluster */ }; struct diskfree_t { unsigned total_clusters; unsigned avail_clusters; unsigned sectors_per_cluster; unsigned bytes_per_sector; }; typedef struct { char drive; char pattern [ 13 ]; char reserved [ 7 ]; char attrib; short time; short date; long size; char nameZ [ 13 ]; } dosSearchInfo; struct fatinfo { char fi_sclus; /* sectors per cluster */ char fi_fatid; /* the FAT id byte */ int fi_nclus; /* number of clusters */ int fi_bysec; /* bytes per sector */ }; struct ffblk { #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ unsigned short cr_time; /* time of file creation */ unsigned short cr_date; /* date of file creation */ unsigned short ac_time; /* time of last file access */ unsigned short ac_date; /* date of last file access */ char ff_reserved[ 13 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #else char ff_reserved[ 21 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #endif char ff_attrib; /* attribute byte for file */ unsigned short ff_ftime; /* time of last write to file */ unsigned short ff_fdate; /* date of last write to file */ unsigned long ff_fsize; /* length of file in bytes */ #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ char ff_name[ 256 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ unsigned short lfnhandle;/* DOS LFN support handle */ #else char ff_name[ 13 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ #endif }; struct find_t { #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ unsigned short cr_time; /* time of file creation */ unsigned short cr_date; /* date of file creation */ unsigned short ac_time; /* time of last file access */ unsigned short ac_date; /* date of last file access */ char reserved[ 13 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #else char reserved[ 21 ]; /* reserved for use by DOS */ #endif char attrib; /* attribute byte for file */ unsigned short wr_time; /* time of last write to file */ unsigned short wr_date; /* date of last write to file */ unsigned long size; /* length of file in bytes */ #ifdef __CLIB_LFN__ char name[ 256 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ unsigned short lfnhandle;/* DOS LFN support handle */ #else char name[ 13 ]; /* null-terminated filename */ #endif }; #define _find_t find_t struct fcb { char fcb_drive; char fcb_name[ 8 ], fcb_ext[ 3 ]; short fcb_curblk, fcb_recsize; long fcb_filsize; short fcb_date; char fcb_resv[ 10 ], fcb_currec; long fcb_random; }; struct xfcb { char xfcb_flag; char xfcb_resv[ 5 ]; char xfcb_attr; struct fcb xfcb_fcb; }; struct dostime_t { unsigned char hour; /* Hours */ unsigned char minute; /* Minutes */ unsigned char second; /* Seconds */ unsigned char hsecond; /* Hundredths of seconds */ }; struct time { unsigned char ti_min; /* minutes */ unsigned char ti_hour; /* hours */ unsigned char ti_hund; /* hundredths of seconds */ unsigned char ti_sec; /* seconds */ }; #ifdef __WATCOMC__ #pragma pack( __pop ) #endif extern int __getversion( void ); extern char ** environ; #define _version (*__getversion)() extern unsigned char _osmajor; extern unsigned char _osminor; extern int absread( int drive, int sects, long lsect, void *buffer ); extern int abswrite( int drive, int sects, long lsect, void *buffer ); extern int allocmem( unsigned size, unsigned *seg ); extern int bdos( int ah, unsigned dx, unsigned al ); extern int bdosptr( int ah, void *argument, unsigned al ); extern int _callint( union INTR *regs ); extern struct COUNTRY * country( int xcode, struct COUNTRY *ct ); extern void ctrlbrk( int ( *handler )( void ) ); extern void delay( unsigned mill ); extern void _disable( void ); extern unsigned _dos_allocmem( unsigned size, unsigned *seg ); extern unsigned _dos_close( int handle ); extern unsigned _dos_creat( const char *path, int attr, unsigned *handle ); extern unsigned _dos_creatnew( const char *path, int attr, unsigned *handle ); extern int __cdecl dosexterror( struct DOSERROR *errblk ); extern unsigned _dos_findfirst( char *filename, int attrib, void *strptr ); extern unsigned _dos_findnext( void *strptr ); extern unsigned _dos_findclose( void *strptr ); extern unsigned _dos_freemem( unsigned seg ); extern void __cdecl _dos_getdate( struct dosdate_t *ptr ); extern unsigned __cdecl _dos_getdiskfree( unsigned char dr, struct diskfree_t *d ); extern unsigned _dos_getdrive( unsigned *disk ); extern unsigned _dos_getfileattr( const char *filename, unsigned *attrs ); extern unsigned __cdecl _dos_getftime( int handle, unsigned *date, unsigned *time ); extern void __cdecl _dos_gettime( struct dostime_t *timeptr ); extern void ( interrupt far * _dos_getvect( unsigned intno ) )( ); extern void _dos_keep( unsigned char retcode, unsigned size ); extern unsigned _dos_open( const char *path, unsigned flags, unsigned *handle ); extern unsigned _dos_read( int handle, void far *buf, unsigned len, unsigned *nread ); extern unsigned _dos_setblock( unsigned newsize, unsigned seg, unsigned *max ); extern void _dos_setdate( struct dosdate_t *ptr ); extern void _dos_setdrive( unsigned disk, unsigned *total ); extern unsigned _dos_setfileattr( const char *filename, unsigned attrs ); extern unsigned _dos_setftime( int handle, unsigned date, unsigned time ); extern unsigned _dos_settime( struct dostime_t *timeptr ); extern void _dos_setvect( unsigned intno, void ( interrupt far *vect )() ); extern time_t dostounix( struct date *date, struct time *time ); extern unsigned _dos_write( int handle, void far *buf, unsigned len, unsigned *bytes ); extern void _enable( void ); extern int freemem( unsigned seg ); extern int getcbrk( void ); extern void __cdecl getdate( struct date *datep ); extern void __cdecl getdfree( unsigned char drive, struct dfree *dtable ); extern char * getdta( void ); extern void getfat( unsigned char drive, struct fatinfo *dtable ); extern void getfatd( struct fatinfo *dtable ); extern unsigned getpsp( void ); extern void __cdecl gettime( struct time *timeptr ); extern void ( interrupt far * getvect( int intno ) )( ); extern int getverify( void ); extern int inp( unsigned id ); extern unsigned inpw( unsigned id ); extern unsigned inport( unsigned id ); extern unsigned char inportb( unsigned id ); extern void keep( unsigned char retcode, unsigned size ); extern void nosound( void ); extern int outp( unsigned id, int value ); extern unsigned outpw( unsigned id, unsigned value ); extern void outport( unsigned id, unsigned value ); extern void outportb( unsigned id, unsigned char value ); extern char * parsfnm( const char *cmdline, struct fcb *ptr, int al ); extern int peek( unsigned seg, unsigned offs ); extern char peekb( unsigned seg, unsigned offs ); extern void poke( unsigned seg, unsigned offs, int value ); extern void pokeb( unsigned seg, unsigned offs, char value ); extern int randbrd( struct fcb *buf, int rnum ); extern int randbwr( struct fcb *buf, int rnum ); extern int setblock( unsigned newsize, unsigned seg ); extern int setcbrk( int value ); extern void setdate( struct date *datep ); extern void setdta( char far *dta ); extern void setpsp( unsigned psp ); extern void settime( struct time *timeptr ); extern void setvect( int intno, void ( interrupt far *vect )() ); extern void setverify( int flag ); extern void sleep( unsigned x ); extern void sound( unsigned frequency ); extern void unixtodos( time_t longtime, struct date *date, struct time *time ); extern int unlink( const char *filename ); #define disable _disable #define enable _enable #define _A_NORMAL 0x00 #define _A_RDONLY 0x01 #define _A_HIDDEN 0x02 #define _A_SYSTEM 0x04 #define _A_VOLID 0x08 #define _A_SUBDIR 0x10 #define _A_ARCH 0x20 #define FA_NORMAL _A_NORMAL #define FA_RDONLY _A_RDONLY #define FA_HIDDEN _A_HIDDEN #define FA_SYSTEM _A_SYSTEM #define FA_LABEL _A_VOLID #define FA_DIREC _A_SUBDIR #define FA_ARCH _A_ARCH #define NFDS 20 #define SEEK_SET 0 #define SEEK_CUR 1 #define SEEK_END 2 #define MK_FP( seg, ofs ) ( ( void * )\ ( ( ( unsigned long )( seg ) << 16 ) |\ ( unsigned )( ofs ) ) ) #define FP_SEG(fp) ( ( unsigned )( ( unsigned long )( fp ) >> 16 ) ) #define FP_OFF(fp) ( ( unsigned )( fp ) ) #define __peek( a,b ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define __peekb( a,b ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define __poke( a,b,c ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( int )(c)) #define __pokeb( a,b,c ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( char )(c)) #define peek( a,b ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define peekb( a,b ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( ( a ), ( b ) ) ) ) #define poke( a,b,c ) ( *( ( int far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( int )(c)) #define pokeb( a,b,c ) ( *( ( char far * ) MK_FP ( (a),(b)) ) = ( char )(c)) #ifndef __NO_INLINE_FUNCTIONS #pragma aux _enable = "sti"; #pragma aux _disable = "cli"; #pragma aux inp = "in al, dx" parm [dx] value [al] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux inpw = "in ax, dx" parm [dx] value [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux inport = "in ax, dx" parm [dx] value [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux inportb = "in al, dx" parm [dx] value [al] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outp = "out dx, al" parm [dx] [al] value [al] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outpw = "out dx, ax" parm [dx] [ax] value [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outport = "out dx, ax" parm [dx] [ax] modify [ax dx]; #pragma aux outportb = "out dx, al" parm [dx] [al] modify [ax dx]; #endif #endif
What is the significance of declaring a constant unsigned integer?
What is the significance of declaring a constant unsigned integer?
How do you convert char array into unsigned char array in c?
You can't convert the data type of any variable.
Is it true that in Unsigned char signed value is represented by 1 in most significant bit?
All possible values of an unsigned char are unsigned, so there is no bit that "represents a signed value." With an 8-bit byte, 1 in the most significant bit of an unsigned char represents the value 128. Consequently unsigned chars with a 1 in this position have values between 128 (when all other bits are 0) and 255 (when all other bits are 1).
What is data type of md5 output in C?
unsigned char [16]
Why do need documents?
The best way I can explain this is to give you an example of code with no documentation. If there was documentation, you would be able to tell what this code did in a matter of seconds. Without it you could waste many minutes, or even hours, trying to understand it. inline unsigned char f_1(const unsigned char *ptr, const unsigned int i) { const div_t d = div(i, 8); return (ptr[d.quot] & (1 << d.rem))?1:0; } inline void f_2(unsigned char *ptr, const unsigned int i) { const div_t d = div(i, 8); ptr += d.quot; *ptr = *ptr | (1 << d.rem); } inline void f_3(unsigned char *ptr, const unsigned int i) { const div_t d = div(i, 8); const unsigned char n = 1 << d.rem; ptr += d.quot; *ptr = ((*ptr | n ) ^ n); } void f(const unsigned int n) { const unsigned int m = n + (n%8==0?0:8-n%8); const unsigned int n = m / 8; const unsigned int m_2 = m / 2; unsigned int i, j; unsigned char *a = malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * n); memset(a, 0xaa, n); f_3(a, 1); f_2(a, 2); for( i = 3; i < m_2; i+=2 ) { while(i < m_2 && !f_1(a, i)) i+=2; for( j = i + i; j < m; j+=i ) f_3(a, j); } free(a); }
Examples on types of in c?
signed char unsigned long int void *
How could you differentiate a character as signed and unsigned in c?
It's their value range:signed char: -128..127unsigned char: 0..255
