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In North America, residential supplies comprise two line ('hot') conductors and a neutral. The nominal potential difference between the two line conductors is 240 V, and the nominal potential difference between each of the line conductors and the neutral conductor is 120 V. Heavy appliances operate at 240 V, while most other appliances operate at 120 V.

Unlike North America, however, a European single-phase residential system comprises a single line conductor and a neutral conductor, with a nominal potential difference of 230 V. All appliances then operate at 230 V. The line conductor insulation colour is brown, the neutral is blue, and the earth (ground) is either bare or covered with yellow and green striped insulation.

For three-phase systems, the EU Harmonisation standard is:

Three-phase line conductors: brown/black/grey

Neutral conductor: blue

Earth (protective) conductor: green with yellow stripe

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Q: What is the 2nd hot wire color is for 230V single phase for Europe?
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