2-8-8 or 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
An electron orbital describes the most probable region that an electron occupies outside the nucleus
The Specific orbital the electron is in
Electron orbital
How many atoms / electron clouds does helium have ?
The orbitals represent the possibility to find the electron at a particular place around the nucleus.Its an abstract term.The orbital can't affect the electron because the electron itself forms the orbital.So the orbital does not affect the electron, the electron affects the shape of the orbital.More specially, the orbital has some kind of shape because of the specific energetic condition of the electron.And with these specific, energetic conditions only specific shapes are ''allowed''.
The ionisation energy depends on the orbital from which the electron is removed and also the distance of the orbital from the nucleus. In the case of Helium, the electron is removed from 1s orbital whereas in the case of argon it is from 3p orbital. As 1s is closer to the nucleus, the force of attraction experience by these electrons is higher and hence helium will have higher 1st ionisation energy.
1s2 2s2 3p4 3d1
I assume you mean that orbital 1 has 2 electrons, orbital 2 has 8 and orbital 3 has 8. The electron configuration of this is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 (2+2+6+2+6=18) 18 is the atomic number of 18Ar or Argon.
There is merely one unpaired electron in Potassium. The electron configuration of potassium is [Ar]4s^1. This means that potassium has all the electrons of argon, plus one more in the 4s orbital. All the electrons of argon are paired, so the one electron in the 4s orbital is the only unpaired electron.
An electron in a 2s orbital is on average closer to the nucleus.
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The specific orbital the electron is in
An electron orbital describes the most probable region that an electron occupies outside the nucleus
Orbital describes space where electron is found. it provides probability for the presence of electron.
Electron in s-orbital is closer to nucleus than electron in p-orbital and electron in p-orbital is closer to nucleus than electron in d-orbital and so on. So,more energy is requried to remove electron from s-orbital than electron in p-orbital in spite of both having same principal quantum number. Similarly, p orbital will require more energy than d-orbital. this is called penetrating effect. it decreases in order s>p>d>f>... Note that Orbital should have same "n"
Argon
An electron is lost from the 2s orbital