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Your understanding of a language can be devided into active and passive vocabulary.

The active vocabulary consists of all the words you are able to use when writing or speaking.

The passive vocabulary consists of all the words you are able to understand when you read or hear them.

A language consists of many words that are seldomly used or complex. These will often belong to the passive vocabulary of many users.

The more you practice any particular language, the bigger each group will grow, until a time when most words are passive knowledge. Then, with further praktice, the active vocabulary wil expand.

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Q: What is the difference between active and passive knowledge of language?
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