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Number of chromosomes is reduced to one half in gametes so that when gametes fuse to form zygote original diploid number is restored .

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Q: What is the purpose of meiosis with respect to chromosome number of parent cells and daughter cells?
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Does sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization?

Yes.


What are the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis with respect to function location in the organism and the chromosome number haploid or diploid of the daughter cells produced?

Mitosis produces two Diploid Cells while Meiosis produces four haploid cells. The purpose of Mitosis produces new body cells and does not allow for genetic variation, while meiosis allows genetic variation through multiple processes. Meiosis produces sex cells (sperm) , which are key in reproduction of multi-cellular organisms. Each new cell contains half of the number of chromosomes. Meiosis has 2 cellular divisions, while mitosis only has one. They are both necessary to support life, and they both produce Diploid cells in the first division. Also, from a similar topic in Yahoo Answers (Which has a much better explanation) : Mitosis is a type of cell division to produce 2 X genetically identical diploid (2n) cells for growth and repair. Mitosis occcurs in somatic cells (normal body cells. Prior to mitotic division DNA is replicated to produce two identical chromatids attached by a centromere. This is essential so that each new daughter cell formed receives one copy of each chromosome. (One division) Meiosis only occurs in the sex organs to produce 4 X haploid (n), genetically different, gametes for sexual reproduction. Meiosis consists of two divisions: Meiosis I halves the number of chromosomes to give 2 X haploid cells. Meiosis II doubles the number of cells to give 4 X haploid gametes. Two processes during meiosis I increase variation . In prophase I homomolgous chromosomes cross over at points called chiasmata and exchange genetic material. In metaphase I the chromosomes line up along the equator in pairs. This is called random assortment where maternal and paternal chromosomes are arranged at random. Both of these increase variation to produce four genetically different gametes at the end of meiosis II DNA replication only occurs once, before Meoisis I.


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