What region of China was invaded by Japan?

Answer 1

Manchuria was not china.

■(Part1)The Second Sino-Japanese War was a conflict caused by China. Japan was dragged into a war she had not sought. During the war, Japan never made any territorial demands, nor did she make any demands on interests in China. This is made clear from the Funatsu Peace Initiative (Aug. 1937), the Trautmann Peace Initiative (Dec. 1937), etc., wherein no such demands are made.

(Part2)In Jan. 1938, seeing that no Chinese reply to the Trautmann Peace Initiative was forthcoming though the deadline had come, Japanese prime minister Konoe Fumimaro gave up hopes for peace, declaring, "We will no longer deal with KMT Chiang Kai-shek." Nonetheless, he made many appeals for peace afterward. In November of that year came the second Konoe declaration, wherein he appealed for international justice, and joint anti-communism and economic cooperation among Japan, Manchuria, and China.

(Part3)Then in December came Konoe's third declaration. This was a call for "neighborly friendship, anti-Communist cooperation, and economic cooperation." There is nothing in any of these indicating aggressive intentions toward, or designs on ruling, China. The Second Sino-Japanese War was a conflict caused by China.

■(Part1) If you read the Funatsu Peace Initiative (Aug. 1937), the Trautmann Peace Initiative (Dec. 1937), you will know Japan never made any territorial demands in China. What goals and with what manner of policies and spirit did the Japanese military fight? There is a suitable document to show this. The booklet, dated 29 April, 1940, titled "Orders for Officers and Men of the Expeditionary Force," by Itagaki Seishirô, the China Expeditionary Army's chief of staff.

(Part2)This document stresses that the object of the hostilities was not the Chinese people themselves, but rather the administration of Chiang Kai-shek, which had linked up with Britain, America, France, and the Soviet Union. To break down the perception that it was otherwise, this document states that the objective in fighting the war was to establish a cooperative relationship grounded on moral principles with Japan, China, and Manchuria.

(Part3)The document clarifies that the fundamental goal was the rebuilding of East Asia and the establishment of a New Order in East Asia. Itagaki called for respect of Chinese traditions, manners, and customs, and said his forces had to aim for a joining of the two peoples with respect, faith, and love. This confirms that there were no thoughts of contempt for China.

(Part4)The booklet "Orders for Officers and Men of the Expeditionary Force" is something intended to clarify that the Japanese army did not have as its goal the subjugation of China in the fighting that went on after that. The latter document, as a supplement to the former, negates the criticism of Japan as an aggressor against China. It is good to read them together.

■(Part1)There are a lot of historical facts about which the Chinese government never tries to tell the Chinese citizens. A historian of Chinese history, Kou Bunyu, writes about one of those historical facts as follows. In 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan gained interests in the South Manchuria Railway and built up industries. China at the time, however, was in a disordered state, with a high crime rate, and internal conflicts occurring all across the country.

(Part2)Japan accordingly established the Kwantung Garrison to maintain the public order in appurtenant areas of the railway, as some Western nations had done similar things in other parts of China. After the Mukden Incident in 1931, Japan established Manchukuo. Since 1906 till the end of Manchukuo in 1945, i.e., during the period when the region had been under Japanese rule, it had been free from China's internal conflicts, and a lot of Chinese people flooded into this peaceful region.

(Part3)Its population had nearly doubled in the 20 years from 1912 (the year of Xinhai Revolution) till 1931 (the year of the Mukden Incident), rising from 18 to 30 million. The Chinese people had undoubtedly regarded Manchukuo, built by Japan, as a place of peace. The Chinese government has been teaching Chinese children that the Japanese are savages, having committed cruelties in various parts of China. This is an utter falsehood.

■(Part1)The Tungchow Mutiny (Chinese: 通州事件) was an assault on Japanese civilians and troops by East Hopei Army in Tungchow, China on 29 July 1937 shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that marked the official beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. 250 civilian residents of Tungchow were killed in the uprising (predominantly Japanese reserves, including police and ethnic Korean-Japanese).

(Part2)The majority of women were raped and some were brutally killed. Only around 60 Japanese civilians survived, but much of the city was destroyed in the fighting. This massacre was occurred in July 1937, which means before the so-called Nanking Massacre. How much Chinese killing way of the Tungchow Mutiny is similar to the so-called Nanking Massacre? The Nanking Massacre was born from Chinese imaginations and created by Kuomintang of China.

Answer 2

■(Part1)The Second Sino-Japanese War was a conflict caused by China. Japan was dragged into a war she had not sought. During the war, Japan never made any territorial demands, nor did she make any demands on interests in China. This is made clear from the Funatsu Peace Initiative (Aug. 1937), the Trautmann Peace Initiative (Dec. 1937), etc., wherein no such demands are made.

(Part2)In Jan. 1938, seeing that no Chinese reply to the Trautmann Peace Initiative was forthcoming though the deadline had come, Japanese prime minister Konoe Fumimaro gave up hopes for peace, declaring, "We will no longer deal with KMT Chiang Kai-shek." Nonetheless, he made many appeals for peace afterward. In November of that year came the second Konoe declaration, wherein he appealed for international justice, and joint anti-communism and economic cooperation among Japan, Manchuria, and China.

(Part3)Then in December came Konoe's third declaration. This was a call for "neighborly friendship, anti-Communist cooperation, and economic cooperation." There is nothing in any of these indicating aggressive intentions toward, or designs on ruling, China. The Second Sino-Japanese War was a conflict caused by China.

■(Part1) If you read the Funatsu Peace Initiative (Aug. 1937), the Trautmann Peace Initiative (Dec. 1937), you will know Japan never made any territorial demands in China. What goals and with what manner of policies and spirit did the Japanese military fight? There is a suitable document to show this. The booklet, dated 29 April, 1940, titled "Orders for Officers and Men of the Expeditionary Force," by Itagaki Seishirô, the China Expeditionary Army's chief of staff.

(Part2)This document stresses that the object of the hostilities was not the Chinese people themselves, but rather the administration of Chiang Kai-shek, which had linked up with Britain, America, France, and the Soviet Union. To break down the perception that it was otherwise, this document states that the objective in fighting the war was to establish a cooperative relationship grounded on moral principles with Japan, China, and Manchuria.

(Part3)The document clarifies that the fundamental goal was the rebuilding of East Asia and the establishment of a New Order in East Asia. Itagaki called for respect of Chinese traditions, manners, and customs, and said his forces had to aim for a joining of the two peoples with respect, faith, and love. This confirms that there were no thoughts of contempt for China.

(Part4)The booklet "Orders for Officers and Men of the Expeditionary Force" is something intended to clarify that the Japanese army did not have as its goal the subjugation of China in the fighting that went on after that. The latter document, as a supplement to the former, negates the criticism of Japan as an aggressor against China. It is good to read them together.

■(Part1)There are a lot of historical facts about which the Chinese government never tries to tell the Chinese citizens. A historian of Chinese history, Kou Bunyu, writes about one of those historical facts as follows. In 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan gained interests in the South Manchuria Railway and built up industries. China at the time, however, was in a disordered state, with a high crime rate, and internal conflicts occurring all across the country.

(Part2)Japan accordingly established the Kwantung Garrison to maintain the public order in appurtenant areas of the railway, as some Western nations had done similar things in other parts of China. After the Mukden Incident in 1931, Japan established Manchukuo. Since 1906 till the end of Manchukuo in 1945, i.e., during the period when the region had been under Japanese rule, it had been free from China's internal conflicts, and a lot of Chinese people flooded into this peaceful region.

(Part3)Its population had nearly doubled in the 20 years from 1912 (the year of Xinhai Revolution) till 1931 (the year of the Mukden Incident), rising from 18 to 30 million. The Chinese people had undoubtedly regarded Manchukuo, built by Japan, as a place of peace. The Chinese government has been teaching Chinese children that the Japanese are savages, having committed cruelties in various parts of China. This is an utter falsehood.

■(Part1)The Tungchow Mutiny (Chinese: 通州事件) was an assault on Japanese civilians and troops by East Hopei Army in Tungchow, China on 29 July 1937 shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident that marked the official beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. 250 civilian residents of Tungchow were killed in the uprising (predominantly Japanese reserves, including police and ethnic Korean-Japanese).

(Part2)The majority of women were raped and some were brutally killed. Only around 60 Japanese civilians survived, but much of the city was destroyed in the fighting. This massacre was occurred in July 1937, which means before the so-called Nanking Massacre. How much Chinese killing way of the Tungchow Mutiny is similar to the so-called Nanking Massacre? The Nanking Massacre was born from Chinese imaginations and created by Kuomintang of China.