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James Cameron had a very clear idea of what he wanted out of his film Avatar, even when he first wrote an 80-page scriptlet for it in 1995. Hoping to begin production in 1997, he realized that available technologies would not allow him to create what he pictured. Cameron therefore put the project on hold. In 2005 he decided it was time, and by early 2006 work had begun.

The movie is a combination of live-action shooting and Photography, and CGI (computer generated imagery); about 60% CG and 40% live, according to Cameron. Many resources were allocated for the development, and even some new technologies created.

The filming took place in primarily two stages. About a month of motion-capture photography was taken in California, where Cameron used his "virtual camera system." This new motion-capture technique displays an actor in a digital surrounding in real time, allowing a director to make changes as if it were live shooting. Following this filming, production moved to New Zealand in October of 2007 for live action photography. A camera called a "simulcam," a combination of a 3D fusion camera and the virtual camera system, was used during live filming where CG elements interact with live ones. The camera can superimpose CG images over live action images, allowing a director to be able to tell an actor how to relate to the virtual images.

The computer generated and visual effects of the movie employed some very cutting-edge technology, as well as several new ones. New lighting techniques were used, as well as some new cameras. One camera, called "The Volume," was used to capture facial expressions for an accurate transition of an actor's expressions to their CG counterparts. The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital. The New Zealand-based company also did work on King Kong and the Lord of the Rings trilogy. Over 1,800 photorealistic visual effects shots were created by the studio for the film.

Creating the Na'vi and making them look as real as possible was a key goal, and made use of animation, motion capture filming and body rigging. A new way to digitally simulate skeletal and muscle systems was created by the team, allowing them to create realistic effects such as the movement of flesh. To make the facial animation as realistic as possible, Weta used a system based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), developed by Wallace Friesen and Paul Eckman. At one point, Weta had almost 900 people working on Avatar. The rendering of the film made use of Weta's 10,000-square-ft server farm employing 4,000 HP servers. Creating Pandora and the Na'vi consumed over a petabyte (1,000,000 gigabytes) of storage. The final film footage consisted of over 17 gigabytes of data per minute.

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13y ago

Performance Capture by Computer generated imagery (CGI), Digital Animation, Stereoscopic 3D Fusion Camera System and Virtual Camera and Simul-Cam.

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Q: What technology was used to make the movie 'Avatar'?
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