The British Mandate of Palestine as incorporated in 1922 contained territories pulled from several Ottoman Sanjaks and Vilayets that existed in the 1800s. These were (from North to South) the Vilayet of Beirut, the Mutassafirat of Jerusalem, and the Vilayet of Syria. (The Vilayet of Syria contained most of the future nation of Jordan as well.) The Arabs in these territories would have considered their ethnicity to be Shami (شامي) which is often mistranslated as Syrian, but would be better translated as "of the Levant" or "of Greater Syria". Palestinians today use their national consciousness and project it backwards to this time, even though it is anachronistic. (This is similar to Italians projecting the modern idea of "Italian-ness" to the citizens of Parma and Venice in the 1500s.)
This was motivated by Jewish Nationalism or ZIONISM.
Palestine in Jesus time was located where it is now, only it was not called Palestine then.
If you are referring to peasants of Ottoman and British Palestine, they were called Fellahin (فلاحين) which literally means "Peasants".
Diaspora.
Israel didn't exist in 1920. That area was called Palestine and was ruled by the British.
newsies
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Israel.
Zionists.
They were called Boers.
The south was called the confederates.