Sputnik, a Russian satellite.
sputnik 1
The first satellite launched into space was the Sputnik I, but before that have you ever considered the fact that a satellite is any object that orbits a heavenly body? The VERY first satellite was in fact the moon. But the first MAN-MADE satellite was Sputnik I launched by USSR.
Space Shuttle Columbia
Columbia
Vostock
Columbia.
Sputnik 1 USSR 1957
It was USSR (the Russian-led Soviet Union), who launched the Spotnik as the first man-made space-craft.
Russia launched Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957.
The name of the first animal into space (which was a dog) was Laika.
The objects that meet you description would be called space stations today. The world's first space station was the Soviet Union's Salyut 1 -- launched on April 19, 1971. America's first space station was Skylab -- launched May, 14, 1973
" Sputnik-1 ", October 4, 1957. That wasn't the first attempt, but it was the first time that an object was launched and it succeeded in achieving orbit.