Marbury v. Madison involved a political battle between the Federalist Party and the Democratic-RepublicParty (formerly called the Anti-Federalists) for control of the Judicial branch of government.
John Marshall defused the political tension by giving the new Jefferson administration a narrow ruling on Marbury that satisfied the Democratic-Republicans, but simultaneously enhanced the power of the judiciary by clearly explicating the Court's right of judicial review, by declaring Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional (a legal maneuver).
President Jefferson was not pleased with that aspect of the ruling and predicted the Supreme Court would become an "oligarchy," but had no grounds to challenge Marshall because the decision was in his party's, and his administration's, favor.
Case Citation:
Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)
For more information, see Related Questions, below.
James Madison and George Washington made statements about the creation of political parties and disagreed. James Madison believed that the creation of political parties was unavoidable, while George Washington believed that political parties would weaken the power of government.
A: James Madison
William Marbury, William Harper, Robert R. Hooe, and Dennis Ramsay were the plaintiffs (actually petitioners); US Secretary of State James Madison was the nominal respondent.William Marbury petitioned the US Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus (a judicial order commanding an official take, or refrain from taking, an action within his scope of responsibility) against US Secretary of State James Madison because Madison refused to deliver the justice of the peace commission former President John Adams granted Marbury. Marbury was unable to assume office without the sealed commission.Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the trial. Marshall, coincidentally, had been Secretary of State under President Adams, and was responsible for delivering Marbury's commission. Unfortunately, the administration changed before he had an opportunity to complete the assignment, and he assumed James Madison would complete the task for him.When the new President, Thomas Jefferson, discovered how John Adams had attempted to install 58 new judges immediately before leaving office, he decided to thwart as many of the appointments as possible. Marbury was one of a handful of men whose commissions were side-lined in this way.Case Citation:Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)For more information on Marbury v. Madison, see Related Links, below.
Super Tuesday is when many states hold a primary election. The significance of Super Tuesday is that the political parties announce the presidential candidates.
Political Parties.
James Madison and George Washington made statements about the creation of political parties and disagreed. James Madison believed that the creation of political parties was unavoidable, while George Washington believed that political parties would weaken the power of government.
Just that - minor parties, seldom of political significance.
James Madison
Marbury v. Madison involved a political battle between the Federalist Party and theDemocratic-Republic Party for control of the Judicial branch of government. The outgoing president, President Adams, appointed 16 Federalist circuit judges and 42 Federalist justices of the peace to offices created by the Judiciary Act of 1801. The appointments were approved, but they still had to be commissioned. Many were before President Adam's term ended, but those that weren't were unable to assume their positions because their commissions were not delivered.
They did not rally expect the emergence of political parties. Parties came into existence with the disagreement over how to interpret the Constitution. Hamiltion believed that the Constitution be interpreted loosley. Jefferson and Madison belived that the Constitution should be interpreted as it was written. Follwers of Hamilton were Federalists and followers of Jefferson/Madison were Democratic-Republicans. These were the first political parties. They did not rally expect the emergence of political parties. Parties came into existence with the disagreement over how to interpret the Constitution. Hamiltion believed that the Constitution be interpreted loosley. Jefferson and Madison belived that the Constitution should be interpreted as it was written. Follwers of Hamilton were Federalists and followers of Jefferson/Madison were Democratic-Republicans. These were the first political parties.
A: James Madison
Political parties
Jefferson and Madison were polar opposites of Hamilton in the financial issues. The result of Jefferson's and Madison's opposition to Hamilton's financial plan was the establishments of the banking system.
James Madison feared the emergence of political parties because he believed that the new American republic was a majority tyranny created by the domination of a single faction fighting for one set of interests. ( AP Addition of American Government book) In other words he feared that one political party would have more power than the other.
William Marbury, William Harper, Robert R. Hooe, and Dennis Ramsay were the plaintiffs (actually petitioners); US Secretary of State James Madison was the nominal respondent.William Marbury petitioned the US Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus (a judicial order commanding an official take, or refrain from taking, an action within his scope of responsibility) against US Secretary of State James Madison because Madison refused to deliver the justice of the peace commission former President John Adams granted Marbury. Marbury was unable to assume office without the sealed commission.Chief Justice John Marshall presided over the trial. Marshall, coincidentally, had been Secretary of State under President Adams, and was responsible for delivering Marbury's commission. Unfortunately, the administration changed before he had an opportunity to complete the assignment, and he assumed James Madison would complete the task for him.When the new President, Thomas Jefferson, discovered how John Adams had attempted to install 58 new judges immediately before leaving office, he decided to thwart as many of the appointments as possible. Marbury was one of a handful of men whose commissions were side-lined in this way.Case Citation:Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)For more information on Marbury v. Madison, see Related Links, below.
Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton, political parties
Super Tuesday is when many states hold a primary election. The significance of Super Tuesday is that the political parties announce the presidential candidates.