What were the names and locations of nazi concentration camps and extermination or death camps in Austria?

Answer 1

Concentration Camps - Names and LocationsThe majority of the camps were located in Poland, but there were many in Germany and France as well.

Sometimes the terms concentration camp and extermination (or death) camp are, misleadingly, used interchangeably. The sole purpose of extermination camps (death camps) was to kill (usually by gassing).

Most larger concentration camps had several satellite or sub-camps. There were also several small, temporary concentration camps. If one includes all these as well as transit camps and the small number of specialized camps (for example for unruly children), the Nazis ran a total of nearly 1,500 concentration camps in Germany and German-occupied countries. (It is not possible to list them all here, but under the answer there is a link to a full list). For these purposes a concentration camp is a one run by the SS (or in 1933-34) the SA.

Concentration camps were:

1. Punishment and deterrent camps (for example, for Communists, socialists, liberals and other political opponents of the Nazi regime, later also for 'antisocial elements' and homosexuals).
2. Forced labour camps, where many Jews and others were worked to death on grossly inadequate food.
3. For resistance members.

• The first permanent concentration camp was Dachau, located near Munich (22 March 1933).
• Oranienburg, near Berlin, opened the day after Dachau.
• Sachsenhausen (near Berlin)
• Buchenwald is also located in Germany, near Weimar.
• Ravensbrueck (women's camp), North Germany.
• Mauthausen-Gusen (Austria)
• Neuengamme, near Hamburg.
• Flossenbuerg in Bavaria, near the Czech border.
• Bergen-Belsen near Hanover.
• Dora-Mittelbau (originally a satellite camp of Buchenwald)
• Stutthof (near Danzig)
• Gross Rosen
• Plaszow (near Krakow)
• Natzweiler (Alsace)

In addition, there were transit camps, where prisoners were held till they could be sent elsewhere.

Extermination (death) campsThe extermination (death) camps were:

• Auschwitz-Birkenau (= Auschwitz II - part only)
• Belzec
• Chelmno
• Majdanek (part only: it was used as a 'back-up' facility when other camps were killing at full capacity. The role of this camp is being looked at again by some Holocaust historians)
• Sobibor
• Treblinka II

These extermination camps were all in Poland.

In addition, Maly Trostenets (near Minsk, Belarus) and Bronnaya Gora (also in Belarus) were extermination camps, but they are not well known as there are no known survivors.

The Auschwitz group of camps and Majdanek were 'dual purpose' camps: they had sections that functioned as extremely brutal hard labour camps, and also a section that was an extermination (death camp). In fact, Auschwitz-Birkenau (also called Auschwitz II) was the largest death camp of all.

The death toll in 'ordinary' concentration camps was high, but over 80% of the inmates of Dachau (a concentration camp) emerged alive; however, Belzec (an extermination camp where 434,500 Jews and an unknown number of Roma and others were gassed) had only two(!) known survivors. There was a real difference.

The number of 'ordinary' camps main camps was about 24. If one includes all the satellite camps and temporary camps, the total was a staggering 1,500 camps. (There is a link below, giving the full list compiled by the Federal German Ministry of Justice. Many of them are not well known in Western Europe and the U.S. However, the last column gives the main camp (or Stammlager) to which the various smaller camps were attached).

In addition, there were transit and collection camps, where people were held temporarily until the SS had a train load of victims to send on to other camps. There were also a few camps for 'unruly' and 'difficult' children aged 12+ (later 8+).

Note the German Wikipedia list (click link below), which is very thorough and includes the early camps, many of which were shut down later, such as Columbia-Haus, Berlin. In addition, in 1967 the Federal German Ministry of Justice compiled a list of all concentration camps - and the total comes to about 1,500. (See link below).

Towards the end of the war conditions in most concentration camps deteriorated sharply.

Have a look at Martin Gilbert's Atlas of the Holocaust.

Please see the related questions.
The name of concentration camps were Auschwitz.

Answer 2

There were approximately 1,200 Nazi work camps. They included Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland, Alderney in the Channel Islands, Berga an der Elster in Germany, Breendonk in Belgium, Buchenwald in Germany, Dachau in Germany, Kaiserwald in Latvia, Klooga in Estonia, and Ravensbruck in Germany.

Answer 3

The extermination (death) camps, that is camps which existed solely for killing people (in most cases by gassing) were as follows:

• Chelmno
• Auschwitz II (much of the Birkenau section); the other sections of Auschwitz were very harsh concentration camps, where the prisoners were worked to death on insufficient food.
• Treblinka II (Treblinka I was an older, harsh concentration camp)
• Majdanek (one section only; the other part was a very harsh concentration camp. It appears that Majdanek was used as a 'back up' to the other extermination camps when they were killing at full capacity).
• Belzec
• Sobibor

(Belzec had only 2 (!) known survivors and 434,508 Jews and an unknown number of Roma/Sinti and others were murdered there. Chelmno also had only 2 known survivors, and a death toll of about 152,000).

All these camps were in Poland, which was were most of the Jews under Nazi rule lived. The Auschwitz group of camps (taken as whole) and Majdanek (taken as a whole) were extremely harsh concentration camps with large sections that functioned as extermination (death) camps. In other words, they were dual purpose camps.

Maly Trostenets (near Minsk, in Belarus) is generally regarded as an extermination (death) camp. There are no known survivors at all from this camp. Janowska (near Lviv - also known as Lvov or Lemberg) in Ukraine is often also listed as an extermination camp.

(There was yet another death camp, in the Independent State of Croatia. It was at Jasenovac, but it was operated by the Croatian Ustasi, not the Nazis).

Most 'ordinary' concentration had a high death toll, but that does not in itself make them extermination (death) camps in the above sense.

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The Jewish Virtual Library is an excellent source for information on this

subject. They identify seven "Major" death or "Annihilation" camps.

They are Auschwitz/Birkenau in Poland, Belzec in Poland, Chelmno also in

Poland, Janowska in the Ukraine, Majdanek in Poland, Sobibor in Poland

and Treblinka in Poland. Concentration Camps in Germany, where death

also happened were "primarily" work or transit camps.

See the Related Questions for information about Nazi concentration camps.

Answer 4

In the early stages, the Nazis used concentration camps mainly as savage punishment camps for Communists, Social Democrats, liberals and various other opponents. Jews were not sent there till 1938 for simply being Jewish. It is also important to distinguish between concentration camps and extermination camps. The extermination camps followed from late 1941 onwards were intended solely for the purpose of genocide. It should also be noted that by about 1939 the SS (which ran the camps) had become a major business and was making large sums of money by hiring out slave labour.

The extermination camps were specially designed camps where millions of Jews and non Jews were sent to their deaths. The SS spent a great deal of time and energy in designing both the camps and the gas chambers in them; they wanted maximum 'efficiency' and if you read the memoirs of any Nazis who survived, you will be horrified by how much careful thought and preparation went into the construction of those camps. All who were deemed 'inferior' were packed onto trains and then taken to the camps; Jews, gays, gypsies, JWs, people with disabilities. Once in the camps, they were used in grotesque 'experiments', the details of which make any sane person throw up, frankly. The camp inmates were starved, gassed, tortured and burned to death. Many were buried alive in mass graves. If any tried to escape, attack dogs were sent after them and these would rip the escapee to pieces. Six million Jews were slaughtered in the concentration camps. For more info: http://www.nizkor.com

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A conentration camp is where Jews, and all the other people that disagreed with Hitler were sent to. They died of starvation, were shot to death, or gassed in a small room, and their corpses burned in small ovens. The others survived.

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In general terms, a concentration camp is a large detention center created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other groups of people, often during a war. The prisoners there are kept under harsh and barely livable conditions and are detained and confined.

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Nazi Germany had a variety of different kinds of concentration camps. Please see the related questions.

Answer 5

Check out the related links and you will find those facts and figures within the documents named.

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Actually, the only concentration camp on Austrian soilwere those in the Mauthausen group of camps, which included Gusen and Ebensee. These were among the very harshest Nazi camps (Grade III).

Answer 6

The most notorious and best-known were:

Auschwitz

Belsen

Dachau

But there were more.

A general Google search or checking Wikipedia will give you a complete list.

Answer 7

The inmates had to work in all the Nazi concentration camps. The only exceptions were the extermination camps, where most Jews and gypsies were gassed or shot on arrival.