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Luk 23:33 And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left.

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16y ago
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12y ago

Of course he was crucified. All four Gospels tell us so in graphic detail, especially that account of John as he was an eye-witness - the only disciple who did not desert Jesus. How can we be sure? The Jewish authorities were not allowed under Roman occupation to put a man to death - this had to go through the Roman occupation authorities and hand any victim over to do this. Stonings (the common means of Jewish execution pre-Rome) were more like lynchings, done surrepticiously, down a dark alley, as it were, without the Romans finding out. In the case of Jesus, the Jews had to involve the Roman governor Pilate to ask for his execution. Pilate was reluctant to execute Jesus, but was forced into a corner by the Jewish authorities who demanded crucifixion. They tricked Pilate into accepting that Jesus was a 'threat to Rome' and if he was not killed by that same Roman authority, Pilate wold be 'no friend of Caesar'. Pilate relented and then handed him over for crucifixion. If Jesus was to be stoned then they could have done this at any time (and, in fact on occasions they did try to get him). Hanging was almost unknown in those times as an execution - the only known case of hanging being when Judas hanged himself out of shame at betraying Jesus. The preferred method for execution by the Romans was by far crucifixion.

Crucifixion was reserved for common criminals if they were not Roman citizens. Roman citizens were offered beheading by sword as a swift, less painful method of execution. Crucifixion was not unusual - in the gospel accounts when Jesus was crucified, he was one of three victims crucified on that day - the others being two thieves. In the revolt made by Spartacus the slave ( remember the Kubrick movie?) thousands of crucifixions took place all along the Appian way in Rome ( a road you can still visit today). So crucifixion was nothing unusual.

The cross used in crucifixion was not necessarily like those seen in paintings and movies. The upright was often the trunk of a tree roughly hewn and wedged into a hole in the ground. The cross-bar would have a hole hewn in it and was dropped over the upright like an elongated mortice and tenon joint. Sometimes, therefore, it resembled the cross-shape we know and sometimes more like a letter 'T'.

Crucifixion is incredibly painful, but it was only the last part of a cruel barbaric ritual. First the victim would stripped naked - itself a shameful act because of the Jewish attitude to the naked body. Then he would be whipped front and back until his body was covered in bloody weals. Finally the scourging would finish with whipping by a whip containing several strands with balls of lead woven into them, so that large lumps of flesh would be torn out of the victim at every blow. Many did not survive the scourging. The victim, if he was still alive, and if able, was the forced to carry his own crossbeam to the site of execution - usually outside the walls of the city on the rubbish dump so that the body could be left there for the crows. Finally the victim would be nailed through the wrists to the crossbeam (to impart the greatest pain as the nails hit the nerves in the wrists), and a single nail driven through the crossed feet to attach them to the upright of the cross. Death would come in a few minutes to a few hours after suffocation as water collected in the lungs, and by exposure.

The reference in Acts 10:39 refers to the wooden cross upright (the 'tree') and 'hanging' - well, that is what Jesus did on the cross, of course. Reading the English version the word 'hanging' is the same word in Acts and in the hanging of Judas, but in the original Greek the 'hanging' of Judas is a different word than that used in Acts 10 and therefore could not have had the same meaning. Very confusing - but that's the fault of the English language! Furrthermore, the reference to 'they' in Acts ( Acts 10:39 And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree...) does not refer directly to the Jews. The Greek inflexion in this verse suggests more a passive voice - more like "...things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; where he was slain and hanged on a tree...), so it is more like the 'anonymous' "they" that we use so often in English ("...you know what they about that...." where the 'they' could be anyone. English is a wondeful language, but the original Greek needs to be really understod if one is to avoid getting the wrong end of the stick when reading scripture. That's why Bible study for the Christian is so important.
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12y ago
A:We may never know if Jesus was really crucified, but we can be sure that the events did not really unfold as described in the gospels.

Here is a brief summary of why the whole episode as described in The Bible is impossible, in the words of the Jewish philosopher of religion Schalom Ben-Chorin:

"Jesus celebrates the seder-night (the Passover meal) with his disciples. If he was to be arrested by the Jewish authorities on this night, after the solemnities, it would be unthinkable for the hearing to have taken place in the house of the high priest Caiaphas on this most holy of nights. Unthinkable too that Jesus would be handed over to Pilate on the morning of the feast, and crucified on the first day of Passover ... Anyone familiar with Jewish law and customs immediately senses here that the whole thing simply couldn't have happened. If Jesus had been arrested on the seder night, then he would have been kept in custody until after Passover, and everything else would have been played out afterward."

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11y ago

Jesus was crucified in the ancient city of Juresalem. All Roman crucifixions were carried out outside the city walls on a hill named Calvary or Golgotha (Greek). The custom was to leave the bodies suspended on the cross for predatory birds to consume. But a wealthy man, Joseph of Arimathea, who was also a believer, used his influence and was allowed to take the body down that same afternoon. In fact it was Joseph's tomb that Christ's body was taken to, only to be found empty on the morning of the third day.

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13y ago

Jesus Christ was crucified on Good Friday.

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11y ago

Jesus Christ was crucified on Good Friday at Calvary.
on mt. golgotha

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