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When small molecules bind to self cell-surface proteins what do they act as?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
They are called "haptens" (incomplete anitgens)
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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Signal molecules bind to?
receptors proteins
How is mRNA silenced?
mRNA can be silenced through a process called RNA interference (RNAi). In RNAi, small RNA molecules called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the mRNA molecules and prevent them from being translated into proteins. This silencing can occur through mechanisms such as degradation of the mRNA or inhibition of its translation. Additionally, other factors such as RNA-binding proteins and long non-coding RNAs can also contribute to mRNA silencing.
What is an aptamer?
An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind specifically to target molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecules. Similar to antibodies, aptamers can be used for various applications, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and research purposes. They are selected through a process called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX).
How does the process of RNA interference work?
Certain small RNA molecules fold into loops. The Dicer enzyme cuts them into microRNA (miRNA). The strands then separate. An miRNA piece attaches to a cluster of proteins to form a silencing complex. The silencing complex binds to and destroys an mRNA molecule that contains a base sequence complementary to the miRNA. In this way, it blocks gene expression.
How can signal molecules remain outside of cells but still create changes in activity inside cells?
Signal molecules bind to specific receptor proteins on the outside surface of the plasma membrane. This triggers a chain reaction of events that passes the signal to molecules inside the cell
What is effector?
Effector molecules are small molecules that selectively bind to proteins. These molecules also help regulate biological activity.
Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called?
Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called happens. The unique area that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant.
Signal molecules bind to?
receptors proteins
What do signal molecules bind to in cells?
Receptor Proteins
What membrane surface molecules bind to proteins and serve as molecules identification tags?
Carbohydrates
Neurotransmitters bind to specific proteins on the postsynaptic membrane called?
Receptor molecules, or called receptor proteins.
The hydrophobic cleft in globular proteins which bind substrate molecules is called?
active site
How does aqueous ammonium sulfate precipitate proteins?
Water molecules bind to ammonium and sulfate ions rather than proteins.
What small molecules bind to hemoglobin?
Carbon dioxide and BPG bind to amino acids located on hemoglobin. Oxygen molecules bind to the iron molecules located in the heme. Each hemoglobin molecule can carry up to four oxygen molecules, one on each of the four iron molecules. Nitric oxide can also bind to hemoglobin when either oxygen or carbon dioxide are bound to the hemoglobin.
How is mRNA silenced?
mRNA can be silenced through a process called RNA interference (RNAi). In RNAi, small RNA molecules called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the mRNA molecules and prevent them from being translated into proteins. This silencing can occur through mechanisms such as degradation of the mRNA or inhibition of its translation. Additionally, other factors such as RNA-binding proteins and long non-coding RNAs can also contribute to mRNA silencing.
What statement describes nicotinic acetylcholine ACh receptors as opposed to muscarinic ACh receptors?
Nicotinic receptors are closed until ACh molecules bind to the receptor proteins.
Proteins in blood that bind to antigens?
Antibodies.
