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Each double-bonded carbon of an alkene [ethene included] has three sp2 orbitals that lie in a plane with angles of 120 degrees. Because three points determine a plane, each sp2 carbon and the two atoms singly bonded to it lie in a plane. Furthermore, p orbitals must be parallel to each other in order to form a pi bond. Thus, all six molecules are in the same plane (Bruice 129-30).

Credit: Organic Chemistry 5th Ed., Paula Yurkanis Bruice

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15y ago
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11y ago

It is planer because all carbons are sp2 hybridised and a sp2 hybrid carbon forms planar 4 atom sytem (methanal - H2C=O is the perfect example).

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Q: Why benzene molecule is planar?
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Are benzene molecules linear or nonlinear?

Benzene molecule is planar in nature. This is because like all carbons, it contains two spxpy hybrid carbon that form a hexagonal ring.


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Benzene is a hydrocarbon. By definition hydrocarbons are simply any molecule that contain only hydrogen and carbon. Benzene contains only hydrogen and carbon. It's molecular formula is C6H6. In detail: Benzene has a delocalised p-orbital electron system. It is planar as a result.


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Some vibrational modes of benzene involve a change in electric dipole moments. These are IR active modes. Some vibrational modes have no net change in dipole moment (which is true for most of the modes since benzene is a planar symmetrical molecule) when they stretch, so they are IR inactive. There are 30 vibrational modes for benzene altogether, 8 of which are IR active. Some vibrational modes of benzene involve a change in electric dipole moments. These are IR active modes. Some vibrational modes have no net change in dipole moment (which is true for most of the modes since benzene is a planar symmetrical molecule) when they stretch, so they are IR inactive. There are 30 vibrational modes for benzene altogether, 8 of which are IR active.


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