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In pure military assessments of the Battle of Antietam, military historians see the battle as being one of inconclusive results. When military experts sweep away all the political ramifications of that battle, they see an inept and numerically superior Union army, Yes, Lee had to retreat, in fact no matter what happened in Sharpsburg, Lee did not have enough men or supplies to stay in Maryland. Military minded people say that Lee's other objectives were met, thereby, in a sense, nullify the results at Antietam. Militarists point out that Lee's invasion prevented a combined effort by McClellan and General John Pope to advance on Richmond. Lee's positions before and after Antietam transferred all military operations to Northern Virginia. Based on Southern newspapers, the Southern public was not discouraged by the setback in Maryland. Also, the Army of Northern Virginia remained a force that within seven weeks doubled its size.

With all the above said, Antietam was a political victory for Lincoln and the Union. Lincoln was then resolved to release his first emancipation proclamation.

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Q: Why do some military historians regard the Battle of Antietam to be inconclusive?
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