To make them harder to counterfeit.
It also makes it more obvious if the edge has been shaved for the gold or silver.
The idea was suggested by Master of the Mint Sir Isaac Newton.
The more common name for this practice is "reeding".
Numismatics is the study of coins.
A sphere fits the given description
If you mean 6 faces and 12 edges then a cube would fit the given description which also has 8 vertices.
There is not a polyhedron with the given number of faces, edges and vertices.
Tokens
A cube or a cuboid would fit the given description of 12 edges and 6 faces.
ALL us minted coins by stated value for a given year
Space
Odd shod coins.
The description given fits that of a cylinder
A cylinder would fit the given description.
The description given fits that of a triangular prism which has 5 faces, 9 edges and 6 vertices