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R-410A, sold under the trademarked names Puron, Genetron R410A, and AZ-20, is a near-azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane (CH2F2, called R-32) and pentafluoroethane (C2HF5, called R-125), which is used as a refrigerant in air conditioning applications. Unlike many haloalkane refrigerants it does not contribute to ozone depletion, and is therefore becoming more widely used as ozone-depleting refrigerants like R-22 are phased out. However, it has a high global warming potential of 1725 (1725 times the effect of carbon dioxide),[1] similar to that of R-22.
While R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (now Honeywell) [2] and Honeywell continues to be the leader in 410A capacity and sales, other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell the product.[3] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of three companies. Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. with Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and Allied Signal worked together in developing the refrigerant for practical use in air conditioners in the United States. R-410A is also the preferred refrigerant for use in residential and commercial air conditioners in Japan and Europe, replacing R-22.
Carrier Corporation was the first company to introduce a R-410A-based residential air conditioning unit in the marketplace in 1996.[citation needed] Carrier holds the trademark Puron and is still the leading supplier of energy efficient R410A air conditioning systems for residential, commercial and chiller applications in the United States today.[citation needed]
R-410A is incompatible with R-22 refrigerant.[citation needed] R-410A is used at much higher operating pressures than R-22[4] and other newer refrigerants.[citation needed]
Availability
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The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page. |
Although the United States Environmental Protection Agency has mandated that R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) along with other hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC's) be phased-out in the U.S., few window-mounted air conditioners are available that use R-410A. All of the largest central air conditioning systems manufacturers in the U.S. offer systems that use R-410A. As an alternative to window-mounted systems, a ductless "split" system is available with R-410A refrigerant, and can be installed with a 3-inch hole through the wall (or window opening).[5]
R-410A designed systems employ thicker walled tubing, and compressors capable of withstanding the higher pressures of R-410A. R-410A systems require different installation and service procedures.
New equipment that uses R-410A will require service personnel to acquire different tools and equipment, safety standards and fundamentals when installing, replacing older split A/C systems, and repairing systems in the field.
HVAC service persons need to understand the safe handling, proper charging, operating characteristics, proper applications, and general use of R-410A refrigerant.
R-410A should only be used in equipment specifically designed and constructed for higher pressure refrigerants. Operates at considerably higher pressures and requires the use of special tanks, gauges and recovery equipment.
R-410A requires training of installation and service personnel in the proper and safe handling of R-410A.
R-410A needs service personnel to understand why all refrigerant flow controls, valves and driers have changed and must be properly applied with newly designed and built compressors.
Many equipment manufacturers are well aware of the concerns and safety issues of working with R-410A and other HFC refrigerants and are requiring installation and service professionals who purchase their R-410A systems to be R-410A Certified.
In order to prepare air conditioning professionals for the challenges presented by R410A, some of the major organizations in the HVACR created the AC&R Safety Coalition.[1]
Physical properties [6][7]
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Formula | 50% CH2F2/50% CHF2CF3 |
| Molecular Weight (Da) | 72.6 |
| Melting point (°C) | -155 |
| Boiling point (°C) | -48.5 |
| Liquid density (30°C), kg/m3 | 1040 |
| Vapour density (30°C), air=1.0 | 3.0 |
| Vapor pressure at 21.1°C (MPa) | 1.383 |
| Critical temperature (°C) | 72.8 |
| Critical pressure, MPa | 4.86 |
| Gas heat capacity @ 1 atm, 30°C (kJ/(kg·°C)) | 8.8 |
| Liquid heat capacity @ 1 atm, 30°C, (kJ/(kg·°C)) | 1.8 |
References
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) |
- ^ Greenhouse Gas Protocol » Download Registration
- ^ AZ-20 Story - About R-410A - R-410A - Honeywell AZ-20 Refrigerant
- ^ Certification - R-410A - Honeywell AZ-20 Refrigerant
- ^ "R-410A Certification FAQ". Mainstream Engineering Corporation. http://www.epatest.com/faq/R410A/. Retrieved on 2009-03-05.
- ^ Honeywell AZ-20 (R-410A) Refrigerant
- ^ "R-410a Material Safety Data Sheet". Honeywell International Inc.. http://www.honeywell.com/sites/docs/doc19194b8-fb3ebe9312-3e3e4447ab3472a0c2a5e5fdc1e6517d.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-07-03.
- ^ "Puron Refrigerant R-410a". Carrier Corporation. http://www.xpedio.carrier.com/idc/groups/public/documents/marketing/811-20066.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-07-03.
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