Roswell

 

(rŏz'wĕl) , city (1990 pop. 44,654), seat of Chaves co., SE N.Mex., near the Pecos River; settled 1869 as a trading post, inc. 1903. It is the trade, marketing, and rail center of an irrigated farm area. Foods and beverages, fireworks, clothing, pipes, concrete, and motor vehicles are manufactured. The city grew rapidly after the discovery (1891) of artesian wells, with the coming (1894) of the railroad, and with the later discovery of oil. Since the late 1940s the area has become a magnet for believers in UFOs, who maintain that extraterrestrials crashed there and the U.S. government covered it up; the presence nearby of a secret Air Force test site undoubtedly fueled the rumors. A 1997 Air Force report attempted to show that the sightings had earthly causes. Nearby are Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Lincoln National Forest, and the ranch of John S. Chisum, the 19th-century cattleman.

City of Roswell
Flag Seal
Nickname: All America City
Location in the state of New Mexico.
Coordinates: 33°23′14″N 104°31′41″W / 33.38722, -104.52806
Country	United States
State	New Mexico
County	Chaves
Government
- Mayor	Sam LaGrone
Area
- City	sq mi (km²)
- Land	sq mi ( km²)
- Water	sq mi ( km²)
Elevation	ft ( m)
Population (2006)
- City
Time zone	Mountain (UTC-7)
- Summer (DST)	DST (UTC-6)
ZIP codes	88201-88203
Area code(s)	575
FIPS code	35-64930
GNIS feature ID	0894171
Website: City of Roswell

Roswell is a city in Chaves County in the southeastern quarter of the state of New Mexico, USA. It is the county seat of Chaves County. As of the 2005 census estimate, the population was 45,199, making it New Mexico's fifth largest city. It is a center for irrigation farming, dairying, ranching, manufacturing, distribution, and petroleum production. It is also the home of New Mexico Military Institute (NMMI), founded in 1891. Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located a few miles northeast of the city on the Pecos River.

In the 1930s, Roswell was a site for much of Robert Goddard's early rocketry work. It is also the birthplace of actress Demi Moore, musician John Denver, and Hall of Fame jockey Mike E. Smith. A Golf Hall of Famer, Nancy Lopez, was raised in Roswell (though born in California). A Hall of Famer astronaut, sixth man on the moon Edgar Mitchell, went to school in Roswell. Roger Staubach (later of the Dallas Cowboys) played football at NMMI, and Lewis Lloyd (later of the Houston Rockets) played basketball there. The professional baseball record for home runs in a season, 72, was set in 1954 by Joe Bauman of the Roswell Rockets, who took up permanent residence there (the record was broken in 2001 by Barry Bonds).

Roswell is most popularly known for having its name attached to what is now called the 1947 Roswell UFO incident, even though the actual crash site was about 75 miles from Roswell, and in fact closer to the town of Corona. However, the investigation and debris recovery was handled by the local Roswell Army Air Field.

In 2002 Roswell was named one of the All-American cities.

Roswell is located at 33° 23' 14" North, 104° 31' 41" West (33.387160, -104.528116)¹.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 75.0 km² (29.0 mi²). 75.0 km² (28.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (0.07%) is water.

Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Rec High °F	82	85	93	99	107	114	111	107	103	99	88	81
Norm High °F	55.6	62	70	77.7	86	94	94.8	92.3	85.7	76.5	64.5	56.3
Norm Low °F	24.4	29.3	35.7	43.3	53.2	62	66.7	65.5	58.3	46.3	33.3	25.1
Rec Low °F	-9	3	9	23	34	47	56	54	40	14	4	-8
Precip (in)	0.39	0.41	0.35	0.58	1.3	1.62	1.99	2.31	1.98	1.29	0.53	0.59
Source: USTravelWeather.com [1]

History

Van C. Smith and Aaron O. Wilburn came from Omaha, Nebraska in 1869 and constructed two buildings in what was to become Roswell. The buildings served as the community post office and general store. The city was named in 1871 after Smith's father, Roswell Smith.

Since the first official post office was founded on 20 August 1873 historians generally view this date as the official start of Roswell as a city.

in 1877 Capitan Joseph C. Lea bought out Smith' holdings, a year later Lea's father-in-law, Major W. W. Wildy bought out Wilburn' holdings and those of two other settlers. Wildy made a gift of these to his daughter, Sally Wildy-Lea thus making all of Roswell a Lea family possession.

The Lea family kept peace and order during the Lincoln County War making Roswell a more stable region than most of south eastern New Mexico at the time.

Roswell grew steadily after an artesian well was discovered on the property of Nathan Jaffa, near the town. This water source helped the tiny village grow into a town with modern conveniences.

Roswell is also known for the work done by Robert H. Goddard in the science of liquid propelled rockets. Goddard came to Roswell in the early 1930s and did much to enhance the field of rocketry.[2]

In 2002 Roswell was named "all American City" primarily for her recovery from the shutdown of Walker AFB.

Demographics

As of the census² of 2000, there were 45,293 people, 17,068 households, and 11,742 families residing in the city. The population density was 604.3/km² (1,565.2/mi²). There were 19,327 housing units at an average density of 257.9/km² (667.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.96% White, 2.47% African American, 1.28% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 21.29% from other races, and 3.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.34% of the population.

There were 17,068 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city the population was spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,252, and the median income for a family was $31,724. Males had a median income of $26,554 versus $21,408 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,589. About 18.7% of families and 22.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.1% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.

The first non-indigenous settlers of the area around Roswell were a group of pioneers from Missouri, who attempted to start a settlement 15 miles southwest of what is now Roswell in 1865 but were forced to abandon the site because of a lack of water.

Van C. Smith, a businessman from Omaha, Nebraska, and his partner, Aaron Wilburn, constructed two adobe buildings in 1869 that began what is now Roswell. The two buildings became the settlement's general store, post office, and sleeping quarters for paying guests. In 1871, Smith filed a claim with the federal government for the land around the buildings, and on August 20, 1873, he became the town's first postmaster. Van C. Smith was the son of Roswell Smith, a prominent lawyer in Lafayette, Indiana, and Annie Ellsworth, daughter of U.S. Patent Commissioner Henry Leavitt Ellsworth. He called the town Roswell, after his father's first name.

Roswell was originally in Lincoln County, but since 1887, it has been in Chaves County. The Roswell, NM Post Office uses ZIP code 88201.

In 1877, Captain Joseph Calloway Lea and his family bought out Smith and Wilburn's claim and became the owners of most of the land of Roswell and the area surrounding it. The town was relatively quiet during the Lincoln County War (1877-1879). A major aquifer was discovered on the Nathan Jaffa Ranch near town in 1891, resulting in the area's first major growth and development spurt. The growth continued when a railroad was built through town in 1893.

During World War II, a prisoner of war camp was located in nearby Orchard Park. The German prisoners of war were used to do major infrastructure work in Roswell, such as paving the banks of the North Spring River. Some POWs used rocks of different sizes to create the outline of an iron cross among the stones covering the north bank. Later, the iron cross was covered with a thin layer of concrete. In the 1980s, a crew cleaning the river bed cleared off the concrete and revealed the outline once more. The small park just south of the cross was then known as Iron Cross Park. On November 11, 1996 the park was renamed POW/MIA park. The park displays a piece of the Berlin Wall, presented to the City of Roswell by the German Air Force.

In the early 1980s, a major manufacturer, Transportation Manufacturing Corporation, which produced buses opened a factory in Roswell. The factory has opened and closed repeatedly, resulting in cyclical swings of unemployment. TMC stopped building buses. NovaBus used the same buildings to manufacture buses but has also closed. The plant was reopened by Millennium Transit Services in 2003.

Roswell was a location of military importance from 1941 to 1967, at which time Walker Air Force Base was decommissioned. After the closure of the base, Roswell capitalized on its pleasant climate and reinvented itself as a retirement community. Roswell has benefited from interest in the alleged UFO incident, and in more recent times the business community has deliberately sought out tourists interested in UFOs.

John Chisum

Locate Roswell and neighboring cities

1947 Roswell UFO incident

Main article: Roswell UFO incident

Education

Public schools

• Roswell Independent School District

RISD Office

Private schools

• New Mexico Military Institute, includes 4-year high school and 2-year associate college degree programs.

• Gateway Christian School, a pre-K through high school parochial school (statistics)
• Valley Christian Academy, a first grade through high school "interdenominational Christian school" (parochial)
• St Andrews Episcopal School, a pre-K through sixth grade parochial school

Colleges

• Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell, a branch of Eastern New Mexico University that is located in Portales, New Mexico. The Roswell campus offers several certificate and associate programs. There are also bachelor's and master's programs via ENMU's Instructional Television System (ITV). http://www.roswell.enmu.edu/

Local music

• The Most Wonderful People Ever, a psychedelic indie-rock outfit
• Olds, a minimalist techno project
• And The Angels Were Silent, a Christian Hardcore outfit

Transportation

Airport

• Roswell International Air Center, which is served by American Airlines and Mesa Airlines

Also served by Pecos Trails Transit.

Nearby cities

• Ruidoso, New Mexico
• Artesia, New Mexico
• Carlsbad, New Mexico
• Clovis, New Mexico
• Hobbs, New Mexico
• Alamogordo, New Mexico
• Las Cruces, New Mexico
• El Paso, Texas
• Lubbock, Texas

Major highways

• U.S. Route 70
• U.S. Route 285
• U.S. Route 380

Trivia

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

• In the episode of Futurama, Roswell That Ends Well, the crew ended up travelling back in time and crashing their ship near Roswell, which means that their ship was the one that is supposed to have crashed near Roswell in 1947.
• In the episode of Star Trek:Deep Space Nine, "Little Green Men", a Ferengi ship carrying Quark, Rom, Nog, and Odo crash near Roswell, and they are the aliens that are claimed to have crashed there.
• Roswell is home to Leprino Foods, one of the world's largest mozzarella factories. ^[1]

• There is a level based on this city in Tony Hawk's Pro Skater.

References

1. ^ http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3301/is_6_102/ai_76704013

2. City Map, Roswell, New Mexico. Map. Roswell: Roswell Printing. 1976.

See also

• Roswell UFO Incident
• Roswell alien autopsies
• Roswell (TV series)
• Roswell That Ends Well
• Little Green Men (DS9 episode)
• Walker Air Force Base
• UFO

External links

• Roswell Museum & Art Center - features Robert Goddard's rockets as well as art by Peter Hurd and Henriette Wyeth Hurd.

• Roswell Chamber of Commerce

• Forbes article on Roswell
• Anderson Museum of Contemporary Art - permanent collection of the artwork done by the 170+ artists of the Roswell Artist-in-Residence Program
• Roswell Artist-in-Residence Program
• Roswell International UFO Museum & Research Center
• Spring River Zoo - Roswell's Spring River Zoo, New Mexico's only free zoo.
• Documentation on Roswell by Dr. Rodney Chang (Pygoya), Honolulu/HI
• Roswell Independent School District Homepage
• Eastern New Mexico University-Roswell Homepage

Coordinates: 33.38716° N 104.528116° W

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