strain

v., strained, strain·ing, strains.

v.tr.

1. To pull, draw, or stretch tight: strained the sheets over the bed.
2. To exert or tax to the utmost: straining our ears to hear.
3. To injure or impair by overuse or overexertion; wrench: strain a muscle.
4. To stretch or force beyond the proper or legitimate limit: strain a point.
5. Physics. To alter (the relations between the parts of a structure or shape) by applying an external force; deform.
6. 1. To pass (gravy, for example) through a filtering agent such as a strainer.
   2. To draw off or remove by filtration: strained the pulp from the juice.
7. To embrace or clasp tightly; hug.

v.intr.

1. To make violent or steady efforts; strive hard: straining to reach the finish line.
2. To be or become wrenched or twisted.
3. To be subjected to great stress.
4. To pull forcibly or violently: The dog strained at its leash.
5. To stretch or exert one's muscles or nerves to the utmost.
6. To filter, trickle, or ooze.
7. To be extremely hesitant; balk: a mule that strained at the lead.

n.

1. 1. The act of straining.
   2. The state of being strained.
2. 1. Extreme or laborious effort, exertion, or work.
   2. A great or excessive pressure, demand, or stress on one's body, mind, or resources: the strain of managing both a family and a career.
3. A wrench, twist, or other physical injury resulting from excessive tension, effort, or use.
4. Physics. A deformation produced by stress.
5. An exceptional degree or pitch: a strain of zealous idealism.

[Middle English streinen, from Old French estreindre, estrein-, to bind tightly, from Latin stringere.]

strain² (strān)
n.

1. The collective descendants of a common ancestor; a race, stock, line, or breed.
2. Any of the various lines of ancestry united in an individual or a family; ancestry or lineage.
3. Biology. A group of organisms of the same species, having distinctive characteristics but not usually considered a separate breed or variety: a superior strain of wheat; a smooth strain of bacteria.
4. An artificial variety of a domestic animal or cultivated plant.
5. A kind or sort: imaginings of a morbid strain.
6. 1. An inborn or inherited tendency or character.
   2. An inherent quality; a streak. See synonyms at streak.
7. 1. The tone, tenor, or substance of a verbal utterance or of a particular action or behavior: spoke in a passionate strain.
   2. A prevailing quality, as of attitude or behavior.
8. Music. A passage of expression; a tune or an air. Often use in the plural: melodic strains of the violin.
9. 1. A passage of poetic and especially lyrical expression.
   2. An outburst or a flow of eloquent or impassioned language.

[Middle English strene, from Old English strēon, something gained, progeny.]

Horticultural term for seed-raised plants exhibiting certain desirable characteristics but which are not stable or predictable enough when propagated to be a cultivar.

1. To pour a liquid or dry ingredient through a sieve, strainer or cheesecloth to remove undesirable particles. 2. To press soft food through the holes of a sieve, which results in a puréed texture. Food for infants or those on special diets is sometimes processed this way.

verb

To exert one's mental or physical powers, usually under difficulty and to the point of exhaustion: drive, fag, labor, moil, strive, sweat, toil, travail, tug, work. Idioms: break one'sbackneck. See work/play.

noun

1. The use of energy to do something: effort, endeavor, exertion, pain (used in plural), striving, struggle, trouble, while. Informal elbow grease. See work/play.
2. The act, condition, or effect of exerting force on someone or something: pressure, stress, tension. See push/pull.

strain²

noun

1. An intermixture of a contrasting or unexpected quality, especially in a person's character: streak, vein. See be.
2. A pleasing succession of musical tones forming a usually brief aesthetic unit: air, aria, melody, tune. Obsolete note. See sounds/pleasant sounds/unpleasant sounds/neutral sounds or silence.

n

Definition: pain, due to exertion
Antonyms: health, wellness

v

Definition: cause mental stress
Antonyms: calm, placate, relax, soothe

v

Definition: stretch, often to limit
Antonyms: compress, concentrate

v

Definition: work very hard
Antonyms: idle, laze, rest

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n

1. deformation induced by an external force. 2. deformation expressed as a pure number or ratio resulting from the application of a load. 3. a traumatic stretching or compression of such tissues as the ligaments, capsule, or musculature associated with a joint. See also sprain.

For more information on strain, visit Britannica.com.

A change in the form or shape of a body or material which is subjected to an external force.

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1. The condition of a material being distorted by forces acting on it. Strain is measured as the ratio of deformation of the material to the dimension of the material in which the forces are being applied. Therefore, compressive strain is the ratio of contraction of the material to the original length of the material; tensile strain is the ratio of elongation of the material to its original length; and shear strain is the ratio of the deflection of the material in the direction of the shear force to the distance between shear forces.

2. Injury to a muscle or tendon due to excessive mechanical stress. See muscle strain.

A strain or variety is a subcategory of a species. For example, Gregor Mendel's (1822-1884) work with garden peas involved various strains; one strain had purple flowers while another had white.

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1. to overexercise.
2. to filter.
3. an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.
4. excessive effort.
5. one or more organisms within a species or variety, characterized by some particular quality, as rough or smooth strains of bacteria.

• s. 2 Brucella suis — used in a vaccine in China against brucellosis in all target species.
• s. 19 Brucella abortus — see strain 19.
• s. 45/20 Brucella abortus — the strain of reduced virulence used as a living vaccine for adult cattle against bovine brucellosis.
• s. 51 Salmonella dublin — a rough strain with reduced virulence used in Europe to immunize young calves.
• s. RB51 Brucella abortus — a live rough mutant that will immunize cattle but does not induce a reaction to standard serological tests for brucellosis.
• s. Rev I Brucella melitensis — live attenuated strain used for vaccination in small ruminants.
• s. SC54 Salmonella cholerasuis — an avirulent organism used live in a vaccine against salmonellosis in swine.
• s. 9R Salmonella gallinarium — a rough strain used as a live vaccine against S. gallinarium and S. enteriditis in poultry.
• cell s. — see cell culture.
• compressive s. — physical stress which tends to structural compaction.
• tensile s. — physical strain which tends toward structural elongation.

A passage or piece of poetry; a flow of eloquence, style or spirit in expression.

A cultivar that is normally propagated by seed, retaining its desirable traits from one generation to the next.

IN BRIEF: n. - An intense or violent exertion; An effortful attempt to attain a goal.

Unity to be real must stand the severest strain without breaking. — Gandhi

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
1.
v. tr. - stramme, spænde, anspænde, forstrække, forvride, belaste, anstrenge, misbruge
v. intr. - anstrenge sig, brække sig, have problemer med at sluge, filtreres
n. - belastning, forstrækning, spænding, forvridning, anstrengelse, pres, kraftpåvirkning, specifik formforandring

idioms:

• strain at    have betænkeligheder ved, hale i
• strain off    spænde af

2.
n. - herkomst, afstamning, anlæg, træk, hang, melodi, tone

Nederlands (Dutch)
afgieten, zeven, verrekken, aantrekken, samendrukken, spanning, afkomst, soort, spoor, melodie, verrekking, stemming

Français (French)
1.
v. tr. - tendre, (fig) grever, compromettre, surcharger, mettre (qch) à rude épreuve, se froisser (un muscle), se fatiguer (les yeux), filtrer, égoutter
v. intr. - pousser de toutes ses forces, faire un gros effort pour
n. - (Phys) effort, contrainte, tensions, sollicitations, effort, stress, tension, pression, fatigue, muscle froissé

idioms:

• strain at    tirer sur
• strain off    faire égoutter

2.
n. - race, souche, lignée, courant (de), tendance (à), veine, ton, air d'une chanson (npl)

Deutsch (German)
1.
v. - zerren, (über)anstrengen, belasten, dehnen, filtrieren, sich anstrengen, durchsickern
n. - Spannung, Belastung, (Ver)zerrung, Überanstrengung, Klänge, Vers

idioms:

• strain at    an etwas zerren
• strain off    abgießen

2.
n. - Sorte, Art

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - τεντώνω, καταπονώ, κουράζω, ζορίζω/-ομαι, κοπιάζω, στραγγίζω, σουρώνω, παρατεντώνω
n. - τέντωμα, ένταση, υπερένταση, (υπερ)κόπωση, προσπάθεια, κόπος, διάστρεμμα, στραμπούλισμα, καταπόνηση, μελωδία, σκοπός, συγχορδία, τόνος, ύφος, γενιά, φυλή, καταγωγή, (μικροβιακό) στέλεχος, κληρονομικός χαρακτήρας

idioms:

• strain at    τραβώ
• strain off    στραγγίζω

Italiano (Italian)
scolare, setacciare, slogare, tensione, slogatura

idioms:

• strain at    sforzarsi di
• strain off    strizzare

Português (Portuguese)
v. - pressionar, filtrar, esticar, irritar, esforçar-se
n. - esforço (m), pressão (f), raça (f), distensão (f)

idioms:

• strain at    ter escrúpulos excessivos
• strain off    coar

Русский (Russian)
натяжение, растяжение, напряжение, нагрузка, умственное переутомление, порода, наследственность, черта характера, черточка, стиль, натягивать, напрягать, выходить за пределы, процеживать

idioms:

• strain at    брезговать чем-л.
• strain off    иметь какое-л. дарование, обладать отличительной чертой

Español (Spanish)
1.
v. tr. - poner en tensión, someter a un esfuerzo, sobreexcitar, fatigar, abrumar
v. intr. - esforzarse, soportar un esfuerzo, padecer (una cosa material)
n. - tensión, ansiedad, tensión nerviosa, esfuerzo o trabajo excesivo, exceso, fatiga

idioms:

• strain at    tirar de, objetar a, resistir
• strain off    colar, cerner, tamizar

2.
n. - estirpe, linaje, familia

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - spänna, sträcka, dra åt, tänja ut, anstränga, fresta på, överanstränga, trycka
n. - spänning, töjning, påfrestning, tryck, utmattning, överansträngning, påbrå, inslag

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 拉紧, 伸张, 拖紧, 尽力睁大, 尽力, 使劲, 紧拖, 紧拉, 不肯接受, 以为不可, 过度的疲劳, 张力, 紧张

idioms:

• strain at    紧拉, 紧拖
• strain off    滤掉

2. 血缘, 世系, 种, 品种, 族, 气质, 倾向

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 血緣, 世系, 種, 品種, 族, 氣質, 傾向

2.
v. tr. - 拉緊, 伸張, 拖緊, 盡力睜大
v. intr. - 盡力, 使勁, 緊拖, 緊拉, 不肯接受, 以為不可
n. - 過度的疲勞, 張力, 緊張

idioms:

• strain at    緊拉, 緊拖
• strain off    濾掉

한국어 (Korean)
1.
v. tr. - 잡아당기다, ~을 최대한 활동 시키다, 혹사 시키다
v. intr. - 잡아 끌다, 온 힘을 다하다, 주춤하다
n. - 힘, 노력, 도도한 변설

idioms:

• strain at    ~을 잡아당기다, ~에 힘껏 노력하다, 악착 같이 일하다
• strain off    거르다, 걸러내다

2.
n. - 종족, 변종, 유전적인 성질

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 引っ張る, みはる, 最大限に働かせる, 拡大解釈する, 乱用する, 使いすぎて痛める, 違える, こぐ, 全力を尽くす, 緊張させる, 曲げる
n. - 張りつめること, 引っ張る力, 負担, 不調, 筋を違えること, 過労, 緊張状態, 種族, 品種, 素質, 曲, 歪み, 酷使

idioms:

• strain at    引っ張る, 懸命に努力する
• strain off    漉す

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) وتر, أجهد, التوى (الاسم) جهد, أنغام موسيقيه, أصل, سلاله, عرق, أرهاق, التواء‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮מתח, עיוות, שיבש משמעות, סינן, אכף (חוקים, סמכות) שלא כהלכה, הפריז במאמץ, סחט, אימץ (קולו, עיניו וכו') עד לקצה גבול היכולת‬
v. intr. - ‮התאמץ, נמתח, משך, החזיק מעמד תחת לחץ, סונן‬
n. - ‮מתיחה, לחץ, מאמץ-יתר, נקע‬
n. - ‮מגמה, אופי, סגנון, סוג, זן, נטייה תורשתית, נעימה, לחן, צליל‬

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sprains and strains