Stewart Udall

Stewart Udall
37th United States Secretary of the Interior
In office January 21, 1961 – January 20, 1969
President	John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	Fred Andrew Seaton
Succeeded by	Walter Joseph Hickel
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona's 2nd district
In office January 3, 1955 – January 21, 1961
Preceded by	Harold Patten
Succeeded by	Mo Udall
Born	January 31, 1920 (1920-01-31) (age 89) St. Johns, Arizona
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Ermalee Webb Udall
Children	Tom Udall
Alma mater	University of Arizona
Religion	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army Air Corps
Unit	Fifteenth Air Force
Battles/wars	World War II

Stewart Lee Udall (born January 31, 1920) is a former American politician.

Early life and career

Born in St. Johns, Arizona, he is the son of Levi Stewart Udall. He was educated at the University of Arizona, and he saw combat as a gunner in the Army Air Corps during the Italian Campaign of World War II. Stewart Udall graduated from the University of Arizona Law School in 1948, and began his own law practice in Tucson shortly thereafter.

Udall became increasingly active in public service, being elected to the School Board of Amphitheater Public Schools (District 10) in Tucson in June 1951. He became the President of Amphitheater School Board in 1952. Udall also served as U.S. Representative from Arizona from 1955 to 1961

Secretary of the Interior

Udall served as Secretary of the Interior under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1969, when he described his nation's ecological attitudes as the "myth of superabundance".^[1]

He lent his support and advice to one of the earliest efforts to save a complex natural resource, The Great Swamp of New Jersey. After a year-long legal battle that pitted local residents against the powerful New York Port Authority officials who wished to turn the Great Swamp into a major regional airport to replace Newark Airport with one that could accommodate large jet aircraft. The Jersey Jet Site Association was the first to form in opposition and it was followed closely by the North American Wildlife Foundation. Between the two organizations, enough property in the core of the swamp quickly was purchased, assembled, and donated to the federal government to qualify for perpetual protection as a park. The Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge was established by an Act of Congress on November 3, 1960. As the congressman from Arizona and later as the Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall, championed the efforts of these residents, whom he described as having mounted the greatest effort ever made by residents in America to protect a natural habitat.

Later, the effort was mentioned frequently in his discussions of the environmental issues that needed to be resolved before irreplaceable resources were lost and the commitment of citizens to protect them. This federal refuge consists of 7,600 acres (31 km²) or almost 12 square miles (30.4 km²) of varied habitats in the center of a fifty-five square mile watershed. The Great Swamp is a migration-resting and feeding area or permanent habitat for more than 244 species of birds. The major routes of birds migrating along the eastern portion of the United States follow the corridor that includes the Great Swamp as a major stopping place for rest and nutrition. Many species of insects, animals, and birds reside permanently in the watershed area. Its role in draining the region and absorbing quick floods for gradual release can be critical during extreme weather conditions.

Udall was largely responsible for the enactment of environmental laws in Johnson's Great Society legislative agenda, including the Clear Air, Water Quality and Clean Water Restoration Acts and Amendments, the Wilderness Act of 1964, the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966, the Land and Water Conservation [Fund] Act of 1965, the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, the National Trail System Act of 1968, and Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968.

It was also during Udall's tenure as Secretary of the Interior when, in September 1962, he was summoned unexpectedly into a meeting with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev during a tour of the Soviet Union. It was during this meeting that Khrushchev famously hinted at his secret deployment of nuclear missiles to Cuba by telling Udall that: "It's been a long time since you could spank us like a little boy. Now we can swat your ass." This was a prelude to the Cuban Missile Crisis. ^[2]

Energy Policy

In October 1972, Udall published a seminal article^[3] in The Atlantic Monthly, called "Too many cars, too little oil. An argument for the proposition that 'less is more'" that foresaw problems with US transportation and energy policy and competition with emerging markets for scarce resources.^[4]

In 1974, Udall, along with Charles Conconi and David Osterhout, wrote "The Energy Balloon" discussing the United State's energy policies.

Family

He was the brother of U. S. Representative and 1976 presidential candidate Mo Udall; he served as Mo's campaign manager during the primary election, which Mo lost to Jimmy Carter. Stewart's son Tom Udall and nephew Mark Udall are both former Representatives in the U.S. House. In 2008, Tom and Mark were elected US Senators for New Mexico and Colorado, respectively.

Other information

• Point Udall, the easternmost place in the United States, was named for him.
• He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• He is the author of numerous books, including his most well known, The Quiet Crisis, published in 1963. In 1968 Udall received an LL.D. from Bates College.
• Udall, along with W. Willard Wirtz are the only two surviving members of the Kennedy administration cabinet.

See also

• Leopold Report
• Navajo Nation#Lung cancer

Notes

References

• http://politicalgraveyard.com/families/2111.html Biography at the Political Graveyard

• Stewart Udall at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

v • d • e United States Secretaries of the Interior Ewing • McKennan • Stuart • McClelland • Thompson • C Smith • Usher • Harlan • Browning • Cox • Delano • Chandler • Schurz • Kirkwood • Teller • Lamar • Vilas • Noble • M Smith • Francis • Bliss • Hitchcock • Garfield • Ballinger • Fisher • Lane • Payne • Fall • Work • West • Wilbur • Ickes • Krug • Chapman • McKay • Seaton • Udall • Hickel • Morton • Hathaway • Kleppe • Andrus • Watt • Clark • Hodel • Lujan • Babbitt • Norton • Kempthorne • Salazar

v • d • e Cabinet of President John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson (1961-1963) Secretary of State Dean Rusk (1961-1963) Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon (1961-1963) Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara (1961-1963) Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (1961-1963) Postmaster General J. Edward Day (1961-1963) • John A. Gronouski (1963) Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall (1961-1963) Secretary of the Agriculture Orville Freeman (1961-1963) Secretary of Commerce Luther H. Hodges (1961-1963) Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg (1961-1962) • W. Willard Wirtz (1962-1963) Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Abraham A. Ribicoff (1961-1962) • Anthony J. Celebrezze (1962-1963)

v • d • e Cabinet of President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) Vice President None (1963-1965) • Hubert Humphrey (1965-1969) Secretary of State Dean Rusk (1963-1969) Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon (1963-1965) • Henry H. Fowler (1965-1968) • Joseph W. Barr (1968-1969) Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara (1963-1968) • Clark Clifford (1968-1969) Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (1963-1964) • Nicholas Katzenbach (1965-1966) • Ramsey Clark (1967-1969) Postmaster General John A. Gronouski (1963-1965) • Lawrence O'Brien (1965-1968) • W. Marvin Watson (1968-1969) Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall (1963-1969) Secretary of the Agriculture Orville Freeman (1963-1969) Secretary of Commerce Luther H. Hodges (1963-1965) • John Thomas Connor (1965-1967) • Alexander Buel Trowbridge (1967-1968) • C. R. Smith (1968-1969) Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz (1963-1969) Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Anthony J. Celebrezze (1962-1965) • John William Gardner (1965-1968) • Wilbur Joseph Cohen (1968-1969) Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Robert Clifton Weaver (1963-1968) • Robert Coldwell Wood (1969) Secretary of Transportation Alan Stephenson Boyd (1967-1969)