United States Department of Justice

The U.S. Department of Justice is responsible for enforcing federal law, preventing and controlling crime, and protecting the interests of the nation in legal matters. Created in 1870, it is directed by the attorney general, the nation's chief law enforcement officer, whose office long predates the department itself. Under the aegis of the Justice Department are a number of prominent law enforcement bureaus and agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), United States Marshal Service (USMS), and many others. Another prominent Justice agency, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), became part of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003. In the twenty-first century, key areas of concern for Justice are terrorism, worldwide drug trafficking, community violence, white collar crime, substance abuse, and hate crimes.

History. In 1789, the first Congress passed the Judiciary Act, which established the federal justice system and created the Office of the Attorney General. A member of the cabinet without his own executive department, the attorney general advised the president on legal matters and represented the federal government before the Supreme Court. Among the prominent attorneys general of those early years were Roger B. Taney (1831–33), who later became one of the most notable chief justices of the Supreme Court, and Edwin M. Stanton (1860–61), who became Secretary of War under President Abraham Lincoln.

In 1870, Congress created the Department of Justice, and placed all existing federal law enforcement agencies—for example, USMS, also created by the 1789 Judiciary Act—under the new department. Its head would be the attorney general, and its second-highest office would be that of solicitor general, whose job it is to supervise and conduct government litigation before the Supreme Court. Prominent solicitors general included future president William Howard Taft (1890–92); future Supreme Court justices Charles Evans Hughes, Jr. (1929–30) and Thurgood Marshal (1965–67), who was also the first African American solicitor general; Archibald Cox (1961–65), Robert Bork (1973–77), and Kenneth Starr (1989–93).

Among the notable attorneys general since 1870 were A. Mitchell Palmer (1919–21), a leading figure in the post-World War I "Red Scare"; future Supreme Court Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone (1924–25); Robert F. Kennedy (1961–64); Ramsey Clark (1967–69), noted for his later involvement in protest movements and highly publicized court cases; John N. Mitchell (1969–72) and a host of other attorneys general associated in some way with the Watergate scandal; and Janet Reno (1993–2001), first female attorney general.

Mission, agencies, and activities. The mission of the Department of Justice is to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to law; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those found guilty of unlawful acts; to administer and enforce the nation's immigration laws fairly and effectively; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.

The Justice Department accomplishes that mission through a vast array of activities. In addition to the FBI and DEA, prominent agencies include the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (part of the Treasury Department until 2002); the Federal Bureau of Prisons and its National Institute of Corrections, which are responsible for the incarceration of sentenced offenders; the U.S. National Central Bureau of Interpol; and USMS, which is responsible for protecting federal courts and ensuring the effective operation of the judicial system. Long celebrated in story and legend, U.S. marshals pursue 55 percent of all federal fugitives, more than all other federal agencies combined.

The Justice Department conducts legal actions against violations of federal antitrust laws through its Antitrust Division, and violations of civil rights laws through its Civil Rights Division. Its Civil Division represents federal interests in civil litigation, while the Criminal Division develops, supervises the application of, and even enforces federal criminal statutes not covered by other agencies. The Asset Forfeiture Program handles money and other goods involved in criminal activities.

Through sections such as the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) and the Office of Justice Programs (which includes numerous bureaus such as the American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Desk), the Department of Justice maintains state, municipal, and community outreach activities designed to reduce crime and crime-related behaviors, and encourage citizen involvement in crime prevention. It maintains databases on criminal activity through the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Drug Intelligence Center. The National Institute of Justice develops and disseminates studies on issues related to crime and justice.

The Justice Department Strategic Plan, released late in 2001, discussed the challenges and opportunities faced by the department at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Whereas crime rates had gone down from the 1930s to the 1960s, in the latter decade they had begun to climb, and continued to do so until the mid-1990s. The period after the mid-1990s, however, saw a steady reduction in criminal activity nationwide.

The report credited more coordinated national policing efforts in the wake of the congressional passage of the Safe Streets Act in 1968. This had led to increased financial assistance for law enforcement at the federal, state, and local levels, resulting in the development of agencies that were better prepared to meet the challenges of their environments.

Additionally, since the late 1980s, criminal and juvenile justice agencies had increasingly partnered with community-based organizations such as schools, churches, businesses, social services, and victim advocacy groups. In 1984, the Victims of Crime Act established an Office for Victims of Crime in the Justice Department, even as numerous national and community-based organizations were formed to provide support to victims of rape, spousal abuse, drunk driving, and other crimes.

The Justice Department was given broader authority to enforce federal law against criminal organizations, including gangs, criminal syndicates, and terrorists. During the mid-1990s, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act and the establishment of a National Instant Criminal Background Check System had helped bring about a steady decrease in gun-related crimes. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 greatly stiffened prison sentences, requiring mandatory terms for certain crimes and abolishing federal parole. These changes, along with more aggressive enforcement measures, led to an increase in the number of incarcerated persons, which reached an all-time high of1.8 million detainees in 1999.

From the present to the future Among the notable aspects of the early twenty-first century law enforcement environment noted in the report were globalization and advances in science and technology. The terrorist attacks of September, 2001, had dramatically illustrated the international scope of criminal activity, but the Justice Department had also increasingly taken a multinational approach, working with Interpol and other groups overseas.

Similarly, advances in information technology made possible new opportunities for crimes involving fraud, theft of intellectual property, and child pornography, while scientific advances in the use of DNA evidence and other forensic technology provided a boost to law-enforcement activities. Other technologies noted in the Justice Department report were advances in biotechnology and bioengineering (most notably the decoding of the human genome), and nanotechnology, or the ability to manipulate matter at the molecular or even atomic levels.

Leading the list of key concerns for the coming years, of course, was terrorism, followed by its close cousin, worldwide drug trafficking. Other significant criminal areas include white collar and economic crimes such as health-care fraud, as well as hate crimes and crimes involving infringement of victims' civil rights.

Further Reading

Books

200th Anniversary of the Office of the Attorney General, 1789–1989. Washington, D.C.: Department of Justice, 1991.

The Department of Justice Manual. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Law & Business, 2000.

Moriarty, Laura J., and David L. Carter. Criminal Justice Technology in the 21st Century. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1998.

Riley, Kevin Jack, and Bruce Hoffman. Domestic Terrorism: A National Assessment of State and Local Preparedness. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1995.

Electronic

U.S. Department of Justice. <http://www.usdoj.gov/> (April 14, 2003).

The Department of Justice (DOJ) is the executive-branch department responsible for handling the legal work of the federal government.

Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the Department of Justice (DOJ) is essentially the largest law firm in the country, with more than one hundred thousand employees nationwide and a budget of approximately $11 billion.

The DOJ comprises many administrative units whose responsibilities involve either representing the United States' interests in court or enforcing federal laws. Many of the department's activities involve traditional legal and investigative functions, such as filing suits on behalf of the United States or apprehending criminals. Other department functions are less lawyerly and more administrative, such as processing citizenship applications, as the Immigration and Naturalization Service does, or planning policy initiatives, as the Office of Policy Development does.

Department Leadership

At the top of the department is the attorney general, who is appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate. A key member of the president's cabinet, the attorney general supervises the many divisions, bureaus, and offices of the DOJ. Unlike other cabinet members, however, the attorney general also functions as a practicing attorney, serving as the president's legal adviser.

Below the attorney general are the deputy attorney general, the associate attorney general, and the solicitor general. Although the deputy attorney general is officially the second-highest position in the DOJ, the office of associate attorney general, created in 1977, is often considered to be equally powerful. The deputy attorney general and the associate attorney general divide the department's administrative responsibilities between them, providing direction to the organizational units in the department; they also advise the attorney general in policy matters. The solicitor general is primarily responsible for supervising and conducting government litigation before the federal appellate courts, including the Supreme Court.

Department Structure

The DOJ is composed of several different units, including divisions, bureaus, and offices. The government's legal business is handled by the department's six litigating divisions: Antitrust, Civil, Civil Rights, Criminal, Environment and Natural Resources, and Tax. Each of these divisions is headed by an assistant attorney general. These divisions handle cases involving the United States that have a broad legal impact.

At the state level, the government is represented by ninety-five U.S. attorneys, who conduct all federal court cases and some federal investigations in their districts. Each state has at least one U.S. attorney, and some of the larger states are divided into districts that each have a U.S. attorney. The U.S. attorneys handle the majority of cases in which the United States is a party. Although the U.S. attorneys report to the DOJ, they traditionally operate with a fair amount of independence and autonomy. Each U.S. attorney is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate to a four-year term.

The several bureaus within the DOJ are concerned with various aspects of law enforcement. The U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) is the country's oldest law enforcement agency, having begun as a group of thirteenmarshals appointed by George Washington; today the USMS has ninety-five marshals and is primarily responsible for providing court security, transporting prisoners, apprehending fugitives, protecting witnesses, and executing federal court orders. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the government's major investigatory agency and the largest unit within the DOJ; the FBI pursues information concerning federal violations, collects evidence in cases involving the United States, and performs other duties assigned by law or by the president. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) enforces U.S. immigration laws, processes applications for naturalization, and represents the government in exclusion and deportation cases. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) combats drug trafficking, investigating major drug dealers, helping to prepare cases against them, and helping foreign governments pursue drug dealers. Also in the DOJ are the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), which oversees the federal prison system, and the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), which administers crime prevention and deterrence programs, including the well-known McGruff the Crime Dog campaign.

The DOJ also houses several offices providing administrative support functions. These include the Office of Legislative Affairs, which coordinates the DOJ's relationship with Congress; the Office of Legal Counsel, which helps the attorney general furnish legal advice to the president; the U.S. Parole Commission, which administers the parole system for federal prisoners; the Executive Office for U.S. Trustees, which administers the handling of bankruptcy cases; and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, which handles cases against foreign governments for losses sustained by U.S. citizens.

History of the Department

The position of attorney general has its roots in medieval English law. The title attorney general can be traced to 1398, when the duke of Norfolk employed attorneys general to witness his banishment. In the years following, the king or queen and other nobles employed attorneys to appear in court on their behalf. In time the office of the king's or queen's attorney became a privileged and powerful position. The attorney general, as the position was called after 1461, became an important political and legal adviser, first to the monarch and later to the House of Commons and the government in general.

When English settlers established colonies in America, they included the office of attorney general in the colonial governments they created. Virginia was the first colony to appoint an attorney general, in 1643, followed by Rhode Island in 1650, and Maryland in 1660; by the end of the seventeenth century, most of the colonies had their own attorneys general. By 1776 a fairly consistent system of courts and law officers had been established in the colonies. With the American Revolution, British officeholders were simply replaced with Americans.

When the Constitution was written in 1789, the Framers did not specifically designate an office of attorney general, instead leaving such administrative details to be determined by statute. The attorney general was created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, which specified that the office should be filled by "a meet person, learned in the law," who would "prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States shall be concerned, and … give his advice and opinion upon questions of law when required by the President of the United States, or when requested by the heads of any of the departments." The act gave the attorney general limited powers and resources, including no provisions for staffing or office expenses; the person filling the office was expected to pay for such items. Because the attorney generalship was designed to be a part-time position, the salary was set at just $1,500 a year and the officeholder was expected to maintain a private legal practice.

The first person to fill the position of attorney general was Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, who was Washington's personal attorney. Though the attorney general initially was not a member of the president's cabinet, Washington valued Randolph's advice so much that he asked Randolph to sit in on his cabinet meetings. Since then the position of the attorney general has been recognized as a cabinet post.

In addition to the office of attorney general, the Judiciary Act of 1789 established the U.S. district attorneys (now called U.S. attorneys) and the U.S. marshals, who represented the federal government in court and enforced federal laws, respectively, at the state and local levels. Although these officials were statutorily under the supervision of the president, they actually operated with very few checks. To make the government's legal work more controllable and consistent, Attorney General Randolph attempted to bring the U.S. attorneys and marshals under his supervision, arguing that such centralization would help him secure the government's legal interests. However, the legislation that Randolph recommended failed in Congress.

This division of the government's legal work — among the attorney general, the district attorneys and marshals, and also solicitors hired by individual executive departments — resulted in uncoordinated, inconsistent, and inefficient legal service to the federal government. Presidents and attorneys general made several attempts to centralize the government's legal services, but Congress was leery of giving the executive branch more power and therefore failed to pass the necessary legislation.

In the early nineteenth century, the office of the attorney general expanded slowly. The workload was light, and until 1814 the attorney general was not required to reside in Washington, D.C., except when the Supreme Court was in session. Significant changes were made, however, when William Wirt, attorney general under President James Monroe, took over the office in 1817. Finding that previous attorneys general had kept no records of their work, Wirt established a formal system for recording his official actions and decisions so that future attorneys general would have a record of precedents to follow. Wirt also expanded the duties of the office and created formal operating procedures, greatly increasing his workload. Congress compensated Wirt for his efforts, increasing his salary to $3,500 and providing a clerk and office expenses. These funds, however, were one-time appropriations only; not until 1831 did Congress begin making regular appropriations for office expenses and book purchases.

The next attorney general to make significant changes in the office was Caleb Cushing, who was appointed attorney general by President Franklin Pierce in 1853. Unlike his predecessors, Cushing left his own private legal practice and transformed the job of attorney general into a full-time position. Cushing expanded the work performed by the department and was also given additional responsibilities by Congress, including advising treaty commissioners, examining government land titles, administering government patents, and compiling and publishing federal laws. To enable Cushing to complete this work, Congress in 1859 authorized the appointment of an assistant attorney general, who was given control of the U.S. district attorneys. Congress also raised the attorney general's salary to $6,000, finally making it equal to the salaries of other cabinet members.

With the onset of the Civil War, the government's need for legal services and representation increased drastically. All across the country, claimants were filing suits in cases involving issues such as property titles and personal rights. The attorney general's office did not have the resources to handle these cases, nor did it have adequate authority over the district attorneys in the states. The various executive departments were forced to hire outside counsel to represent the government, resulting in enormous costs — nearly $500,000 over four years. These totals came to the attention of Congress, which was trying to curb expenses in the aftermath of the war. To try to economize on the government's legal bills, Congress passed the Judicial Act of 1870, which created the DOJ. The staff was increased by two assistants and a solicitor general, who was to share the attorney general's task of representing the government before the Supreme Court. The act also gave the attorney general positive authority over the U.S. district attorneys and marshals. Although the creation of the DOJ did not materially change the duties of the attorney general, it significantly changed the nature of the job by making it an administrative position responsible for an official bureaucracy.

Even with the creation of the DOJ, the federal government's legal work suffered from a lack of coordination because individual executive departments continued to retain their own solicitors. These solicitors provided legal advice to their departments and claimed the right to represent the departments in court. The conflicts and confusion this created between the departments and the DOJ came to a head during the First World War, when many new government agencies and departments were created, each claiming the right to conduct its own legal work. In response, President Woodrow Wilson issued an executive order (Exec. Order No. 2877 [1918]) requiring all government law officers to operate under the supervision of the DOJ. By the 1920s administrative chaos returned as individual departments again tried to conduct their own legal work. In 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued another executive order (Exec. Order No. 6166 [1933]) consolidating all the government's legal work under the DOJ and the attorney general.

Today many units of the federal government continue to employ their own legal counsel, but those attorneys generally are restricted to rendering legal advice to that department alone and are not permitted to represent the government in court. Tensions do sometimes arise when an executive department and the DOJ take contrary positions on an issue in litigation; when this happens the attorney general and the solicitor general must decide which department's stand will be defended.

For the animal rights group, see Justice Department (animal rights).

Department of Justice
Department overview
Formed	June 22, 1870 July 1, 1870
Jurisdiction	Federal government of the United States
Headquarters	Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 38°53′35.7″N 77°1′29.9″W / 38.89325°N 77.024972°W / 38.89325; -77.024972
Employees	112,500+ (2005)
Annual budget	$46.2 billion (2008)
Agency executives	Eric Holder, Attorney General David W. Ogden, Deputy Attorney General
Website
http://www.usdoj.gov

Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, Washington, D.C.

The United States Department of Justice (often referred to as the Justice Department or DOJ), is the United States federal executive department responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries.

The Department is led by the Attorney General, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Attorney General is Eric Holder.

Contents 1 History 2 Headquarters 3 Organization 3.1 Leadership offices 3.2 Divisions 3.3 Law enforcement agencies 3.4 Offices 3.5 Other offices and programs 4 References 5 External links

History

The Attorney General was initially a one-person, part-time job, established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, but this grew with the bureaucracy. At one time the Attorney General gave legal advice to the U.S. Congress as well as the President, but this had stopped by 1819 on account of the workload involved.^{[citation needed]}

In 1867, the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, led by Congressman William Lawrence, conducted an inquiry into the creation of a "law department" headed by the Attorney General and composed of the various department solicitors and United States attorneys. On February 19, 1868, Lawrence introduced a bill in Congress to create the Department of Justice. This first bill was unsuccessful, however, as Lawrence could not devote enough time to ensure its passage owing to his occupation with the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.^{[citation needed]}

A second bill was introduced to Congress by Rhode Island Representative Thomas Jenckes on February 25, 1870, and both the Senate and House passed the bill.^{[citation needed]} President Ulysses S. Grant then signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870. The Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870.^{[citation needed]}

The bill, called the "Act to Establish the Department of Justice", did little to change the Attorney General's responsibilities, and his salary and tenure remained the same. The law did create a new office, that of Solicitor General, to supervise and conduct government litigation in the Supreme Court of the United States.^{[citation needed]}

With the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887, the Federal government in the U.S. began to take on some law enforcement responsibilities, with the Department of Justice tasked to carry out these duties.^[1]

In 1872, control of federal prisons was transferred to the new department, from the Department of Interior. New facilities were built, including the penitentiary at Leavenworth in 1895, and a facility for women located in West Virginia, at Alderson was established in 1924.^[2]

By 2008 several current and former assistant U.S. attorneys were known to have engaged in a wide variety of criminal conduct including association with prostitution rings,^[3] sexual battery,^[4] sexual abuse of children,^[5] and failures to make mandatory conflict of interest disclosures.^[6] A separate Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) within the DOJ is responsible for investigating attorney employees of the DOJ who have been accused of misconduct or criminal activity with respect to their professional functions as DOJ attorneys. Former U.S. Attorney General John D. Ashcroft acknowledged challenges facing the Department of Justice:

In the real world of limited resources, we know that we can only detect, investigate and prosecute a small percentage of those officials who are corrupt.^[7]

I remain convinced that there is no more important area in the fight against corruption than the challenge for us within the law enforcement and justice sectors to keep our own houses clean.^[8]

Headquarters

Main article: Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building

The U.S. Department of Justice building was completed in 1935 from a design by Milton Bennett Medary. Upon Medary's death in 1929, the other partners of his Philadelphia firm Zantzinger, Borie and Medary took over the project. On a lot bordered by Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues and Ninth and Tenth Streets, Northwest, it holds over one million square feet of space. The sculptor C. Paul Jennewein served as overall design consultant for the entire building, contributing more than 50 separate sculptural elements inside and outside.

Various efforts, none entirely successful, have been made to determine the meaning of the Latin motto appearing on the Department of Justice seal, Qui Pro Domina Justitia Sequitur. It is not even known exactly when the original version of the DOJ seal itself was adopted, or when the motto first appeared on the seal. The most authoritative opinion of the DOJ suggests that the motto refers to the Attorney General (and thus to the Department of Justice) "who prosecutes on behalf of justice (or the Lady Justice)".

The building was renamed in honor of former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy in 2001. It is sometimes referred to as "Main Justice."^[9]

Organization

Leadership offices

• Office of the Attorney General
• Office of the Deputy Attorney General
• Office of the Associate Attorney General
• Office of the Solicitor General

Divisions

• Antitrust Division
• Civil Division
• Civil Rights Division
• Criminal Division
• Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD)
• Justice Management Division (JMD)
• National Security Division (NSD)
• Tax Division

Law enforcement agencies

Several federal law enforcement agencies are administered by the Department of Justice:

• United States Marshals Service (USMS)
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
• Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)
  • National Institute of Corrections
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
• Office of the Inspector General (OIG)

Offices

• Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR)
• Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys (EOUSA)
• Executive Office of the United States Trustee (EOUST)
• Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management
• Office of the Chief Information Officer
• Office of Dispute Resolution
• Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT)
• Office of Immigration Litigation
• Office of Information and Privacy
• Office of Intelligence Policy and Review (OIPR)
• Office of Intergovernmental and Public Liaison
• Office of Justice Programs (OJP)
  • Bureau of Justice Assistance
  • Bureau of Justice Statistics
  • Community Capacity Development Office
  • National Institute of Justice
  • Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
  • Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking Office (SMART)
  • Office for Victims of Crime
• Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education
• Office of Legal Counsel (OLC)
• Office of Legal Policy (OLP)
• Office of Legislative Affairs
• Office of the Ombudsperson
• Office of the Pardon Attorney
• Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR)
• Office of Public Affairs
• Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children
• Office of Tribal Justice
• Office on Violence Against Women
• Professional Responsibility Advisory Office (PRAO)
• United States Attorneys Offices
• United States Trustees Offices
• Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
• Community Relations Service

Other offices and programs

• Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States
• INTERPOL, U.S. National Central Bureau
• National Drug Intelligence Center
• United States Parole Commission
• Obscenity Prosecution Task Force

In March 2003, the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service was abolished and its functions transferred to the United States Department of Homeland Security. The Executive Office for Immigration Review and the Board of Immigration Appeals which review decisions made by government officials under Immigration and Nationality law remain under jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Similarly the Office of Domestic Preparedness left the Justice Department for the Department of Homeland Security, but only for executive purposes. The Office of Domestic Preparedness is still centralized within the Department of Justice, since its personnel are still officially employed within the Department of Justice.

Also in 2003, the Department of Justice created the website LifeAndLiberty.gov which supported the PATRIOT ACT.^[10] LifeAndLiberty.gov currently promotes reenacting the PROTECT AMERICA ACT before it expires. This web site has received criticism from government watchdog groups.^[11]

References

1. ^ Langeluttig, Albert (1927). The Department of Justice of the United States. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 9–14. 
2. ^ Langeluttig, abby (1927). The Department of Justice of the United States. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 14–15. 
3. ^ "No Puritans in this Mayflower". http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2008/03/11/no_puritans_in_this_mayflower/. Retrieved April 18 2008. 
4. ^ "CNN finds a real expert on sex scandals: Kendall Coffey". http://miamiherald.typepad.com/changing_channels/2008/03/cnn-finds-a-rea.html. Retrieved April 18 2008. 
5. ^ "Federal Prosecutor Arrested In Child Sex Sting". http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/14132485/detail.html. Retrieved April 18 2008. 
6. ^ "http://laserhaas.wordpress.com/2008/03/05/doj-efforts-to-cover-up-mnat-perjury-and-fraud-now-receives-national-attention/". http://laserhaas.wordpress.com/2008/03/05/doj-efforts-to-cover-up-mnat-perjury-and-fraud-now-receives-national-attention/. Retrieved April 18 2008. 
7. ^ "The Second Global Forum on Fighting Corruption – U.S. Attorney General John D. Ashcroft remarks at the U.S. Department of State website". http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rm/may/3387.htm. Retrieved April 18 2008. 
8. ^ "U.S. Attorney General John D. Ashcroft addressing The Hague". http://www.state.gov/p/inl/rls/rm/may/3387.htm. Retrieved April 18 2008. 
9. ^ Malek, Alia (March 30, 2007). "Partisan Civil Rights: Bush's Long History of Politicizing Justice". Spiegel Online. http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,474911,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 
10. ^ Law and Politics Worldwide, August 20 2003
11. ^ .gov Watch, October 18, 2007

External links

• Department of Justice Meeting Notices and Rule Changes from The Federal Register RSS Feed
• Organization chart for the United States Department of Justice
• United States Department of Justice website
• USDOJ Documents Post 9/11 Memos, OIG Reports ...
• 4 Torture Memos Released 16Apr2009 in response to FOIA suit by ACLU.
• Home Page of The November Coalition: Working to End Drug War Injustice
• Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the United States Department of Justice

v • d • e Agencies under the United States Department of Justice Headquarters: Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building Attorney General Deputy Attorney General Justice Management Division · Criminal Division · National Security Division · Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives · Drug Enforcement Administration · Federal Bureau of Investigation · Federal Bureau of Prisons · National Institute of Corrections · United States Marshals Service · Executive Office for Immigration Review · Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management · Office of the Federal Detention Trustee · Office of Intelligence Policy and Review · Office of the Pardon Attorney · Office of Professional Responsibility · Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children · Office of Tribal Justice · Professional Responsibility Advisory Office · United States Attorneys  · United States Trustee Program · INTERPOL, U.S. National Central Bureau · National Drug Intelligence Center · United States Parole Commission · Office of Legal Counsel Associate Attorney General Office of Justice Programs · Office of Dispute Resolution · Office on Violence Against Women · Community Oriented Policing Services · Office of Information and Privacy · Foreign Claims Settlement Commission · Antitrust Division · Civil Division · Civil Rights Division · Environment and Natural Resources Division · Tax Division · Community Relations Service · Office of Legal Policy Assistant Attorneys General Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division · Assistant Attorney General for the National Security Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Environmental and Natural Resources Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Management Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Tax Division · Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel · Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Policy · Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legislative Affairs Solicitor General

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