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watt-hour

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Dictionary: watt-hour   (wŏt'our')
 
n. (Abbr. WH or W-hr)

A unit of energy, especially electrical energy, equal to the work done by one watt acting for one hour and equivalent to 3,600 joules.


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Architecture: watt-hour
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A unit of work equal to 3,600 joules; equivalent to the power of 1 watt operating for a period of 1 hour.


 
Unit Conversions: watt-hours
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To convert from watt-hours to:

Btu, multiply by 3.413.
ergs, multiply by 3.6E+10.
foot-pounds, multiply by 2656.
gram-calories, multiply by 859.85.
horsepower-hrs, multiply by 1.341E-03.
kilogram-calories, multiply by .8605.
kiloram-meters, multiply by 367.2.
kilowatt-hrs, multiply by .001.

Convert:  Into: 
Result: 

 
Electronics Dictionary: watt-hour
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Unit of electrical work, equal to a power of one watt being absorbed for one hour.


 
Wikipedia: Kilowatt hour
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Residential electric power meter located in United States.

The kilowatt hour, also written kilowatt-hour (symbol kW·h, kW h or kWh) is a unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules.[1][2]

Energy delivered by electric utilities is usually expressed and charged for in kilowatt hours.

Energy in kilowatt hours is the product of power in kilowatts and time in hours; it is not "kilowatts per hour".

Contents

Definition

The unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J), equal to one watt second (one watt is equal to one joule per second); one kilowatt hour is exactly 3.6 megajoules, which is the amount of energy expended (or dissipated) if work is done at a constant rate of one thousand watts for one hour.

Other energy-related units

The kilowatt hour is a convenient unit for billing of electrical energy because the energy usage of a typical customer in one month is several hundred kilowatt hours. Megawatt hours, gigawatt hours, and terawatt hours are used for metering larger amounts of electrical energy.

The energy capacity of a battery is usually expressed indirectly in ampere hours; to convert watt hours (W·h) to ampere hour (A·h), the watt hour value must be divided by the voltage of the power source. This value is approximate since the voltage is not constant during discharge of a battery.[3]

Average annual power production or consumption can be expressed in kilowatt hours per year; for example, when comparing the energy efficiency of household appliances whose power consumption varies with time or the season of the year, or the energy produced by a distributed power source. One kilowatt hour per year is about 114.08 milliwatts.

The Board of Trade unit (B.O.T.U.) is an obsolete UK synonym for kilowatt hour. The term derives from the name of the Board of Trade that regulated the electricity industry. The B.O.T.U. should not be confused with the British thermal unit or BTU, which is a much smaller quantity of thermal energy. To further the confusion, at least as late as 1937, Board of Trade unit was simply abbreviated ″B.T.U.″ or ″BTU.″

Burnup of nuclear fuel is normally quoted in megawatt-days per ton (MWd/MTU), where ton refers to a metric ton of uranium metal or its equivalent, and megawatt refers to the entire thermal output, not the fraction which is converted to electricity.

Examples

A heater, rated at 1000 watts (1 kilowatt), operating for one hour uses one kilowatt hour (equivalent to 3600 kilojoules) of energy.

Using a 60 watt light bulb for one hour consumes 0.06 kilowatt hours of electricity. Using a 60 watt light bulb for one thousand hours consumes 60 kilowatt hours of electricity.

If a 100 watt light bulb is on for one hour per day for 30 days, the energy used is

\rm 100\ W \times 30\ h = 3000\ W\!\cdot\! h = 3\ kW\!\cdot\! h.

Multiples

SI multiples for watt hour (W·h)
Submultiples Multiples
Value Symbol Name Value Symbol Name
10-3 mW·h milliwatt hour 103 kW·h kilowatt hour
106 MW·h megawatt hour
109 GW·h gigawatt hour
1012 TW·h terawatt hour
1015 PW·h petawatt hour

Symbol and abbreviation for kilowatt hour

The brochure for SI[4] and a voluntary standard[5] issued jointly by an international (IEEE) and national (ASTM) organization state that when compound unit symbols are formed by multiplication, the individual symbols should be separated by a half-high dot or a space (for example, "kW·h" or "kW h"). However, at least one major usage guide[6] and the IEEE/ASTM standard allow kWh (but do not mention other multiples of the watt hour). One guide published by NIST specifically recommends avoiding "kWh" "to avoid possible confusion".[7] Nonetheless, it is commonly used in commercial, educational, scientific and media publications.[8]

Conversions

To convert a quantity measured in a unit in the left column to the units in the top row, multiply by the factor in the cell where the row and column intersect.

joule watt hour electronvolt calorie
1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2 = 1 2.778 × 10−4 6.241 × 1018 0.239
1 W·h = 3600 1 2.247 × 1022 859.8
1 eV = 1.602 × 10−19 4.45 × 10−23 1 3.827 × 10−20
1 cal = 4.1868 1.163 × 10−3 2.613 × 1019 1

See also

References

  1. ^ Taylor, Barry N. (1995). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) (Special publication 811). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. 31.
  2. ^ "Half-high dots or spaces are used to express a derived unit formed from two or more other units by multiplication." Barry N. Taylor. (2001 ed.) The International System of Units. (Special publication 330). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. 20
  3. ^ "Ah (ampere-hour) to Wh (watt-hour) conversion" BatteryHippo.com, 2008, webpage: BatteryHippo.com.
  4. ^ The International System of Units (SI). (2006, 8th ed.) Paris: International Bureau of Weights and Measures. 130.
  5. ^ Standard for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System. (1997). (IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997). New York and West Conshohocken, PA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and ASTM. 15.
  6. ^ Chicago Manual of Style. (14th ed., 1993) University of Chicago Press. 482.
  7. ^ Taylor, Barry N. (1995). 13
  8. ^ See for example: Wind Energy Reference Manual Part 2: Energy and Power Definitions Danish Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 9 January 2008; "Kilowatt-Hour (kWh)" BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 9 January 2008; "US Nuclear Power Industry" www.world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 9 January 2008; "Energy. A Beginners Guide: Making Sense of Units" Renew On Line (UK). The Open University. Retrieved 9 January 2008.

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Did you mean: watt-hour, watt-hour (technology)


 

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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Answers Corporation Unit Conversions. © 1999-2009 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
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