White Plains

White Plains, New York
Seal
White Plains, New York Location within the state of New York
Coordinates: 41°2′24″N 73°46′43″W / 41.04°N 73.77861°W / 41.04; -73.77861
Country	United States
State	New York
County	Westchester
Government
- Mayor	Joseph M. Delfino (Rep)
Area
- Total	10.8 sq mi (23.3 km2)
- Land	10.4 sq mi (25.7 km2)
- Water	2.3 sq mi (5.1 km2)
Elevation	213 ft (65 m)
Population (2000)
- Total	53,077
- Density	5,341.9/sq mi (2,062.5/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP codes	10600-10699
Area code(s)	914
FIPS code	36-81677[1]
GNIS feature ID	0977432[2]
Website	http://www.cityofwhiteplains.com/

The City of White Plains is the county seat of Westchester County, New York. It is located in south-central Westchester, about 4 miles (6 km) east of the Hudson River and 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northwest of Long Island Sound. It is bordered to the north by the town of North Castle, to the north and east by the town/village of Harrison, to the south by the town/village of Scarsdale and to the west by the town of Greenburgh. As of the 2000 U.S. census, the city had a total population of 53,077, while a 2006 census estimate put the city's population at 57,081.^[1] White Plains is one of the edge cities that have developed outside of New York City. According to the city government, the daytime weekday population is estimated at 250,000.^[3]

History

Early history

At the time of the Dutch settlement of Manhattan in the early 17th century, the region had been used as farmland by the Weckquaeskeck tribe, members of the Mohican nation and was called "Quarropas".^[4] To early traders it was known as "the White Plains", either from the groves of white balsam which are said to have covered it,^[5] or from the heavy mist that local tradition suggests hovered over the swamplands near the Bronx River.^[6] The first non-native settlement came in November 1683, when a party of Connecticut Puritans moved westward from an earlier settlement in Rye and bought about 4,400 acres (1,800 ha), presumably from the Weckquaeskeck.^[4] However, John Richbell of Mamaroneck, NY, claimed to have earlier title to much of the territory through his purchase of a far larger plot extending 20 miles (32 km) inland, perhaps from a different tribe.^{[citation needed]} The matter wasn't settled until 1721, when a Royal Patent for White Plains was granted by King George II.^{[citation needed]}

In 1758, White Plains became the seat of Westchester County when the colonial government for the county left West Chester, which was located in what is now the northern part of the borough of the Bronx, in New York City. The unincorporated village remained part of the Town of Rye until 1788, when the Town of White Plains was created.^[6]

On July 9, 1776, a copy of the Declaration of Independence was delivered to the New York Provincial Congress, which was meeting in the county courthouse. The delegates quickly adopted a resolution approving the Declaration, thus declaring both the colony's independence and the formation of the State of New York. The Declaration itself was first publicly read from the steps of the courthouse on July 11.^[6]

During September and October 1776, troops led by George Washington took up positions in the hills of the village, hotly pursued by the British under General Sir William Howe, who attacked on October 28^{[citation needed]}. The Battle of White Plains took place primarily on Chatterton Hill, (later known as "Battle Hill," and located just west of what was then a swamp but which is now the downtown area) and the Bronx River. Howe's force of 4,000-6,000 British and Hessian soldiers required three attacks before the Continentals, numbering about 1,600 under the command of Generals Alexander McDougall and Israel Putnam, retreated, joining Washington's main force, which did not take part in the battle. Howe's forces had suffered 250 casualties, a severe loss, and he made no attempt to pursue the Continentals, whose casualties were about 125 dead and wounded. Three days after the battle Washington withdrew north of the village, which was then occupied by Howe's forces. But after several inconclusive skirmishes over the next week Howe withdrew on November 5, leaving White Plains to the Continentals.^[6] Ironically, one of Washington's subordinates, Major John Austin, who was probably drunk after having celebrated the enemy's withdrawal, reentered the village with his detachment and proceeded to burn it down. Although he was court-martialed and convicted for this action, he escaped punishment.^[6]

The first United States Census, conducted in 1790, listed the White Plains population at 505, of whom 46 were slaves.^{[citation needed]} (New York City's population at that time was about 33,000.) By 1800, the population stood at 575 and in 1830, 830.^{[citation needed]} By 1870, 26 years after the arrival of the New York Central Railroad, it had swelled to 2,630^[6] and by 1890 to 4,508. In the decades that followed the count grew to 7,899 (1900) and 26,425 (1910).^[5] White Plains was incorporated as a village in 1866 and as a city in 1916.

Modern history

Main Street in White Plains

The Ritz Carlton

Early in the 20th century, White Plains' downtown area developed into a dominant suburban shopping district and featured branch stores of many famous New York-based department and specialty stores. Some of these retail locations were the first large scale suburban stores built in the United States, and ushered in the eventual post-World War II building boom.^{[citation needed]} With the construction of the parkways and expressways in the 1940s and 1960s, White Plains' role as a destination retail location was only enhanced. With a city opening ceremony Macy's launched a grand White Plains store on Main Steet across from City Hall in 1949. As the mayor said at the time, this was a signicant event in the life of White Plains. Other stores later followed such as B. Altman & Co., Rogers Peet, Saks Fifth Avenue, Alexander's, Wallach's and a short-lived branch of Bergdorf Goodman, which was later converted to sister chain, Neiman Marcus, in 1981.^{[citation needed]}

During the late 1960s, the city of White Plains developed an extensive urban renewal plan for residential, commercial and mixed-use redevelopment that effectively called for the demolition of its entire central business district from the Bronx River Parkway east to Mamaroneck Avenue. By 1978, the urban renewal program centered around the construction of the Westchester County Courthouse (1974), the Westchester One office building (1975), the Galleria at White Plains mall (1978), and a number of other office towers, retail centers and smaller commercial buildings.^{[citation needed]}

At the time of its construction, the Westchester One building was the largest office building between New York City and Albany, and east to Hartford.^{[citation needed]}

Arts Exchange Building in the Downtown

Beginning in the 1950s, many major corporations based in New York City relocated operations to White Plains and other nearby locations. These included General Foods, PepsiCo, Hitachi USA, IBM, Nestle, Snapple and Heineken USA. At the height of the 1980s, at least 50 Fortune 500 corporations called Westchester County and nearby Fairfield County, CT home, but with the corporate mergers and downsizing of the 1990s many of these companies either reduced their operations in White Plains or left the area completely.^{[citation needed]}

White Plains is also home to the Arts Exchange Building, which serves as the headquarters of the Westchester Arts Council. Since March 1999, visual and performing artists, emerging cultural organizations and new creative businesses have studios and offices in the building. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The construction of the Galleria at White Plains mall in the 1970s ushered in a new era of downtown retail and office development, but by the early 1990s, economic development had stagnated, hampered by a deep recession and the overbuilding of the commercial real estate markets.^{[citation needed]} For a time, White Plains had the dubious distinction of having one of the highest office vacancy rates in the Northeast. Consolidation within the retail industry led to the closing of many of downtown's original department and specialty stores as well. After its bankruptcy, the B. Altman store closed in 1989 and was eventually demolished to make way for the massive upscale retail mall, The Westchester, which opened in 1995 with anchors Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus. A freestanding branch of Macy's, one of downtown's original retail anchor stores, was relocated two blocks away to The Galleria mall by its parent company, Federated Department Stores, replacing the location of sister retailer, Abraham & Straus when these two store divisions were merged in 1995. In early 2002, the Saks Fifth Avenue location was also closed and demolished; it was replaced in 2004 with the large retail complex called The Source at White Plains, featuring the high-end jewelry and home goods store Fortunoff's, and local outlets of the upscale restaurants Morton's of Chicago, The Cheesecake Factory, and the gourmet supermarket chain Whole Foods Markets.^{[citation needed]}

The City Center on Mamaroneck Ave.

Other major projects were completed in the late 1990s and early 2000s that have further altered the urban character of downtown White Plains. A new courthouse for the Southern District of New York was opened in 1998 and several large scale office properties in and near downtown, including the former General Foods headquarters building, were retrofitted and leased to accommodate smaller businesses.^[7] The Macy's store on Main Street remained vacant for several years until it was also later demolished to make way for the massive City Center White Plains complex.^[8] This large mixed-use development features two 35-story apartment and condominium towers, 600,000-square-foot (60,000 m²) of retail, restaurant and entertainment space and new parking facilities. Aside from the Arts Exchange building (which used to be a bank), another bank next to the City Center was renovated to become Zanaro's, a Westchester-award-winning Italian restaurant. City Center's opening in 2003 marked the beginning of a new downtown development renaissance, and with the improving economy and healthy office leasing activity, White Plains entered the new millennium as the leading retail and office center in Westchester County.^{[citation needed]}

In 2005, construction began on a second large parcel in the downtown area. The project, dubbed Renaissance Square, will feature two residential and hotel towers, each 40 stories tall, featuring a luxury Ritz-Carlton hotel and more than 400 condominium units. The expected opening date of the first tower is early 2008. The Ritz-Carlton Westchester is one of the tallest buildings between New York City and Boston, Massachusetts, exceeded only by City Place in Hartford.^{[citation needed]}

Beginning in 2000, the city's permanent population experienced a growth spurt as additional apartment buildings were constructed. The city's relatively moderate housing costs and close commuting distance to midtown Manhattan (35 minutes by express train) have also attracted a lot of people who commute to New York City for work. However, in large part because of its proximity to New York, the cost of living in White Plains, although lower than that of New York City itself, is by some measures among the highest in the world.^[9]

Economy

The economy of White Plains revolves around large companies that have relocated to the city such as the Starwood Hotels, ITT Corporation, Ichan Enterprises, and Combe inc. At the turn of the second millennium, there was a boom in commercial businesses and residential living and as a result the city's infrastructure grew substantially with two double towers being 40 plus stories and both being high-end apartments.

Education

Public schools

The White Plains Public School System, with a 2006 enrollment of over 6,000 pupils, maintains five elementary schools (grades K-5), two middle schools (6-8) and one high school (9-12), as well as auxiliary facilities including a pre-kindergarten program,[2] a community school (grades 7-12),[3] adult and continuing education,[4] and a program[5] for school-age patients at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, [6] which campus is located in the city.

Since 1988 the district has operated under a Controlled Parents' Choice Program, [7] whereby the parents of elementary and middle school children can select the school which their child attends based on factors other than proximity to the school.

The five elementary schools, and to a lesser extent, the two middle schools, in addition to teaching core competencies, have different educational focuses including science & technology, communication arts and global understanding. The primary distinction between the two middle schools is the number of pupils enrolled. The smaller "Eastview" Campus has about 1/3 the amount of students as the "Highlands" campus. There are about 1100 students at Highlands and only about 400 at Eastview. Also, in the smaller middle school, foreign language education begins in the sixth grade rather than in the eighth. This enables Eastview students to acquire a High School credit for their 3 years of study^{[citation needed]}.

White Plains High School, built in the late 1950s on a 72-acre (29 ha) campus, serves all public school students in grades 9-12. [8] The school has a swimming pool that overlooked a small valley which included the track and football field. The White Plains Recreation Department worked in cooperation with the schools to offer many programs.

The district is governed by a seven-member Board of Education, elected at-large for staggered three-year terms. A school superintendent reports to the Board.

Private schools

White Plains is home to the German School New York (GSNY), one of only six German schools all across the United States. With some 350 students the school provides education from kindergarten through 12th grade and makes it possible for German students to obtain their Abitur (German High School Diploma) away from home.

Parochial schools

White Plains is home to a number of primary and secondary parochial schools, including:

• Archbishop Stepinac High School on Mamaroneck Avenue in the Gedney area
• Academy of Our Lady of Good Counsel on North Broadway, adjacent to the Pace University campus
• Good Counsel Academy Elementary School on North Broadway
• Our Lady of Sorrows Elementary School in the Gedney area
• Solomon Schechter School of Westchester in the Gedney area, off of Dellwood Road

Colleges and universities

• Pace University [9]and its Law School. This campus originally belonged to Good Counsel College, later named the College of White Plains (1972-1976). The College of White Plains merged with Pace University in 1976.
• Mercy College
• The College of Westchester, formerly known as the Westchester Business Institute
• Berkeley College

Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 53,077 people, 20,921 households, and 12,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,415.5 people per square mile (2,091.1/km²). There were 21,576 housing units at an average density of 2,201.4/sq mi (850.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 64.93% White, 15.91% African American, 4.50% Asian, 0.34% Native American, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 10.37% from other races, and 3.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.51% of the population.

There were 20,921 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $58,545, and the median income for a family was $71,891 (these figures had risen to $73,744 and $92,215 respectively as of a 2007 estimate^[10]). Males had a median income of $47,742 versus $36,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $33,825. About 9.2% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Westchester County Airport

Westchester County Airport, located in neighboring Harrison, serves the city.

Two Metro-North Railroad stations serve the city; the North White Plains (Metro-North station) and the White Plains (Metro-North station) downtown at Main Street and the Bronx River. The Bronx River Parkway is the main north-south highway, and has a bikeway running south to Bronxville.

The Cross-Westchester Expressway (I-287) is the main east-west highway through White Plains. Current highway works include pedestrian walkways over the highway, an extra lane on either side, and on/off ramps to help motor traffic and pedestrians. Vegetation removals have upset some of the community and it is reported that the area will be fixed and trees will be replanted when work on the highway comes to an end.^[11]

Bee Line is Westchester County's public bus system and several routes pass through White Plains offering local service to many surrounding communities. A few routes serve the Bronx and connect with the New York City subway. The main Bee Line hub in White Plains is the Trans-Center, adjacent to the Metro-North station. Other regional bus services that serve White Plains include the Tappan-Zee Express to Rockland County; Leprechaun Lines to Poughkeepsie, CT Transit's I-Bus to Stamford, CT as well as Greyhound, Trailways and Coach USA service to upstate New York and Long Island.

Historic sites

• White Plains Armory [10] (1910), erected on the site of the first Westchester County Courthouse. A monument in front of the building commemorates the first public reading in New York of the Declaration of Independence, on July 11, 1776.
• White Plains Rural Cemetery [11] (incorporated 1854, although in use as a cemetery from 1797). The cemetery office occupies the structure that was the first Methodist Church in White Plains (1795, rebuilt in 1797 after a fire on the day of its original dedication).
• Percy Grainger Home, [12] occupied by the composer from 1921 until his death in 1961, and by his widow, Ella Ström-Brandelius, until her death in 1979. It is now maintained as a museum by the International Percy Grainger Society. [13]

Jacob Purdy House

Jacob Purdy House

The Jacob Purdy House was used as General George Washington's headquarters in 1778 and possibly in 1776 during the Battle of White Plains of the American Revolutionary War. Originally constructed prior to 1730, in the 1960s it was repaired and restored, and in 1973 the structure was moved to its present location.^[12] A further renovation was conducted around 1980, involving both professional craftsmen and local teenagers in an apprentice program.^[13] The Jacob Purdy House is now the headquarters of the White Plains Historical Society.^[14]

A National Register of Historic Places plaque commemorates the dates of George Washington's occupancy.^[15] The house came into the possession of Jacob Purdy about 1785.^[14]

See also Washington's Headquarters for other locations used by George Washington as headquarters.

White Plains Historical Society

Membership and Organization

The White Plains Historical Society is an educational corporation chartered by The Regents of The University of the State of New York. The Historical Society’s mission is to discover, preserve and promote the history, past and present, of the City of White Plains, New York. Membership in the Society is open to the general public, both residents of White Plains and interested people from elsewhere, who pay annual dues to facilitate the Society’s activities. The Society is governed by a Board of Trustees that typically meets on the second Monday of every month (except August) at the Jacob Purdy House, the Society’s headquarters.

History

The White Plains Historical Society traces its genesis to the Battle of White Plains Monument Committee.^[16] This committee came into existence in the late 1950s with the sole purpose of beginning work to erect a 300-foot (91 m)-high stone obelisk on Chatterton Hill in White Plains to commemorate the battle which took place there between British and American armies on October 28, 1776.^[17] Due to the $400,000-$600,000 price tag, the monument was never built, however the Monument Committee found another mission in 1963 when it purchased the historic Jacob Purdy House, set to be demolished by the City of White Plains Urban Renewal Agency. This 1721 wood frame structure had been documented as George Washington’s Headquarters both during the Battle of White Plains in 1776 and later in 1778. In 1973 an agreement was entered into between the Monument Committee and the Urban Renewal Agency for the Committee to maintain and restore the house following its move, which occurred on August 9, 1973, from Spring Street in White Plains to its current location at 60 Park Avenue in White Plains, at the top of Purdy Hill, part of the original Purdy Estate.^[12] On April 31, 1979, the House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1985, the White Plains Historical Society was established to continue the work of the Battle of White Plains Monument Committee. On May 8, 1985 an agreement was entered into between the City of White Plains, the Battle of White Plains Monument Committee and the White Plains Historical Society under the terms of which the Historical Society leased the premises of the Jacob Purdy House for a period of 99 years.

Present

Both annual events and long-term projects are coordinated by the White Plains Historical Society. The Society holds annual commemorations for both the Battle of White Plains and Washington’s Birthday at the Jacob Purdy House.^[18] An annual dinner is hosted in early May and regularly features prominent historical authors, as well as the annual naming of the Society’s "Citizen Extraordinaire". In addition, the Society participates in and is a sponsor of many of White Plains’ annual parades and festivities, including in recent years the Taste of White Plains.^[19] Other Society events in recent years have included concerts, lectures and art shows.^[20]

The White Plains Historical Society and its members have been instrumental in the designation of a number historic sites in White Plains for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, which currently lists 9 sites in the city.^[21]. The White Plains Historical Society has also for many years worked to preserve local cemeteries including the Jacob Purdy Family Cemetery, which dates to 1760 and, as a result of the Society’s investigation, was determined to be the burial site of two Revolutionary War veterans - Isaac Purdy and Hercules Wessels.^[22] The Historical Society’s efforts at discovering the history of White Plains extend even farther back in time, as it was a Society member who discovered a 10,000-year-old Native American spear point on the former site of the Jacob Purdy House.^[23]

Notable residents

• Alan Alda (born Alfonso Joseph D'Abruzzo) attended Archbishop Stepinac High School^{[citation needed]}
• Joseph Campbell, author and expert on myth and legend, was born and raised in White Plains^[24]
• Sloane Crosley, (b. 1978) author of the bestselling "I Was Told There'd Be Cake," attended White Plains High School^{[citation needed]}
• Eddy Curry, NBA player for the New York Knicks.^{[citation needed]}
• Danger Mouse, a DJ and one half of Gnarls Barkley, was born in White Plains.^{[citation needed]}
• Leon Davidson, engineer, lived in White Plains and is buried there.^{[citation needed]}
• Dan Duryea (1907-1968), actor, was born in White Plains^[25]
• Channing Frye, NBA forward, was born in White Plains^[26]
• Danilo Gallinari NBA forward for the New York Knicks^[27]
• Percy Grainger (1882-1961), Australian-born U.S. composer, pianist and conductor^[28]
• A.J. Hammer (born Andrew Goldberg), TV personality, is a 1984 graduate of White Plains High School^{[citation needed]}
• Bob Hyland, NFL lineman, born and raised in White Plains and graduated from Archbishop Stepinac High School in 1963^{[citation needed]}
• John Jay (1745-1829), 1st Chief Justice of the United States, 2nd Governor of New York, buried in Rye^[29]
• Jonathan Larson (1960-1996), the writer of the musical Rent, attended White Plains High School^[30]
• David Lee, NBA player for the New York Knicks^{[citation needed]}
• Matisyahu, American Jewish reggae artist, was raised in White Plains^[31]
• Julianna Rose Mauriello, actress known for portraying the character Stephanie on the children's TV show LazyTown^{[citation needed]}
• Art Monk, NFL Hall of Fame wide receiver, was raised in White Plains and graduated from White Plains High School^[30]
• Garrick Ohlsson, the internationally acclaimed concert pianist, was raised in White Plains^[30]
• J.C. Penney, the department-store magnate, lived in White Plains from the 1920s until the mid-1950s^{[citation needed]}
• Peter Revson (1939-1974), racecar driver^{[citation needed]}
• Vanessa Rousso, a professional poker player, was born in White Plains^{[citation needed]}
• David Sanger, New York Times White House correspondent and Pulitzer Prize winning journalist. Graduated White Plains High School in 1978^[30]
• Tupac Shakur (1971-1996) lived in White Plains, and attended Highlands Middle School for six months^{[citation needed]}
• Andrew S. Tanenbaum, computer scientist and professor, was raised in White Plains^[32]
• Jon Voight, Oscar Award actor, graduated from Archbishop Stepinac High School in 1956^{[citation needed]}
• Ralph Waite, the actor who played John Walton in "The Waltons" television series, was born in White Plains^[33]
• James Whitmore (1921-2009), actor, was born in White Plains
• Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, was born in White Plains^{[citation needed]}

Notes

External links

• White Plains official website
• White Plains Downtown Residents Assoc.
• White Plains Public Library
• White Plains Public Schools
• White Plains Times
• White Plains Historical Society
• White Plains On Line A searchable collection of White Plains public agency meeting agendas, minutes, budgets, and charters.
• WPNY.us Portal for information about White Plains.

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