William I
(born
c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy — died Sept. 9, 1087, Rouen) Duke of Normandy (1035 – 87) and king of England (1066 – 87). Though born out of wedlock, he succeeded his father as duke of Normandy, subduing rebellions and becoming the mightiest noble in France. In 1051
Edward the Confessor promised to make him heir to the English throne, but on Edward's death in 1066, Harold Godwineson, earl of Wessex (
Harold II), was accepted as king. Determined to assert his right to the throne, William sailed from Normandy with an invasion force, defeated Harold at the Battle of
Hastings, and was crowned king. The
Norman Conquest was thus completed, though English rebellions continued until 1071. To secure England's frontiers, William invaded Scotland (1072) and Wales (1081). In 1086 he ordered the survey summarized in the
Domesday Book. He divided his lands between his sons, giving Normandy and Maine to
Robert II and England to
William II.
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