crown

1. An ornamental circlet or head covering, often made of precious metal set with jewels and worn as a symbol of sovereignty.
2. often Crown
   1. The power, position, or empire of a monarch or of a state governed by constitutional monarchy.
   2. The monarch as head of state.
3. A distinction or reward for achievement, especially a title signifying championship in a sport.
4. Something resembling a diadem in shape.
5. 1. A coin stamped with a crown or crowned head on one side.
   2. (Abbr. cr.) A silver coin formerly used in Great Britain and worth five shillings.
   3. Any one of several coins, such as the koruna, the krona, or the krone, having a name that means "crown."
6. 1. The top or highest part of the head.
   2. The head itself.
7. The top or upper part of a hat.
8. The highest point or summit.
9. The highest, primary, or most valuable part, attribute, or state: considered the rare Turkish stamp the crown of their collection.
10. Dentistry.
    1. The part of a tooth that is covered by enamel and projects beyond the gum line.
    2. An artificial substitute for the natural crown of a tooth.
11. Nautical. The lowest part of an anchor, where the arms are joined to the shank.
12. Architecture. The highest portion of an arch, including the keystone.
13. Botany.
    1. The upper part of a tree, which includes the branches and leaves.
    2. The part of a plant, usually at ground level, where the stem and roots merge.
    3. The persistent, mostly underground base of a perennial herb.
    4. See corona (sense 5).
14. The crest of an animal, especially of a bird.
15. The portion of a cut gem above the girdle.

1. To put a crown or garland on the head of.
2. To invest with regal power; enthrone.
3. To confer honor, dignity, or reward upon.
4. To surmount or be the highest part of.
5. To form the crown, top, or chief ornament of.
6. To bring to completion or successful conclusion; consummate: crowned the event with a lavish reception.
7. Dentistry. To put a crown on (a tooth).
8. Games. To make (a piece in checkers that has reached the last row) into a king by placing another piece upon it.
9. Informal. To hit on the head.

[Middle English crowne, from Anglo-Norman coroune, from Latin corōna, wreath, garland, crown, from Greek korōnē, anything curved, kind of crown, from korōnos, curved.]

noun

1. The highest point: apex, cap, crest, height, peak, roof, summit, top, vertex. See high/low.
2. The highest point or state: acme, apex, apogee, climax, crest, culmination, height, meridian, peak, pinnacle, summit, top, zenith. Informal payoff. Medicine fastigium. See high/low.

verb

1. To put a topping on: cap, top, top off. See over/under, put on/take off.
2. To reach or bring to a climax: cap, climax, crest, culminate, peak, top (off or out). See excite/bore/interest.

Definition: top; best
Antonyms: bottom, worst

v

Definition: reward, dignify
Antonyms: dishonor, disregard, fine, punish

That portion of a human tooth covered by enamel.

crown, a linked sequence of lyric poems (usually sonnets), in which the last line of each poem is repeated as the first line of the next, until the final line of the last (usually the seventh) poem repeats the opening line of the first. An Italian form of poetic tribute to the person addressed, the crown of sonnets was used in English by John Donne in the introductory sequence of his Holy Sonnets (1633). Sir Philip Sidney had earlier written a crown of dizains in his Arcadia (1590).

1. Any upper terminal feature in architecture.
2. The top of an arch including the keystone, or of a vault.
3. The corona of a cornice, sometimes including elements above it.
4. The camber of a beam.
5. The central area of any

crown, 9

The part of a tooth above the gum, covered with enamel.

1. the topmost part of an organ or structure, e.g. the top of the head.
2. artificial crown on a tooth.

• anatomical c. — the enamel-covered part of a tooth.
• ciliary c. — the portion of the ciliary body of the eye that is located closest to the lens and bears the ciliary processes.
• clinical c. — the exposed part of a tooth within the mouth.
• c. height reduction — a dental procedure sometimes done on canine teeth in dogs for the treatment of malocclusion or to prevent injury from biting.
• reserve c. — in a hypsodont tooth, that part of the crown located in the alveolus.

1. That part of a plant where the roots and stem meet, usually at soil level.
2. The part of a tree or shrub above the level of the lowest branch.

Success, as in "crowned with success" or one's "crowning achievement." Leadership. The "jewel in the crown" is what is most valuable.

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The crown of King Christian IV of Denmark, currently located in Rosenborg Castle, Copenhagen.

A crown is the traditional symbolic form of headgear worn by a monarch or by a deity, for whom the crown traditionally represents power, legitimacy, immortality, righteousness, victory, triumph, resurrection, honour and glory of life after death. In art the crown may be shown being offered to those on Earth by angels. Apart from the traditional form, crowns also may be made of, for example, flowers, stars, oak leaves or thorns and be worn by others, representing what the coronation part aims to symbolize with the specific crown. They often contain jewels.

Contents 1 Terminology 2 History 3 As an emblem 4 Numismatics 5 See also

Terminology

Three distinct categories of crowns exist in those monarchies that use crowns or state regalia.

1. Coronation - worn by monarchs when being crowned.
2. State - worn by monarchs on other state occasions. (Note that similar headgear, worn by nobility and other high ranking people below the ruler, is in English called a coronet, however in many languages the same word is used, e.g., French couronne, German Krone, Dutch kroon);
3. Consort crowns - worn by Queens consort, signifying rank granted as a constitutional courtesy protocol.

In Classical antiquity the crown (corona) that was sometimes awarded to people other than rulers, such as triumphal military generals or athletes, was actually a wreath or chaplet, or ribbonlike diadem.

History

A Chinese emperor's golden crown from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) period of China.

The precursor to the crown was the browband called the diadem, which had been worn by the Achaemenid Persian emperors, was adopted by Constantine I, and was worn by all subsequent rulers of the later Roman Empire.

Numerous crowns of various forms were used in Antiquity, such as the White crown, Red Crown, combined Pschent crown and blue crown of Pharaonic Egypt.

The corona radiata, the "radiant crown" known best on the Statue of Liberty, and perhaps worn by the Helios that was the Colossus of Rhodes, was worn by Roman emperors as part of the cult of Sol Invictus prior to the Roman Empire's conversion to Christianity. It was referred to as "the chaplet studded with sunbeams” by Lucian, about 180 AD (in Alexander the false prophet).

Perhaps the oldest Christian crown in Europe is the Iron Crown of Lombardy, of Roman and Longobard age, later again used to crown modern Kings of Napoleonic and Austrian Italy, and to represent united Italy after 1860.

In the Christian tradition of European cultures, where ecclesiastical sanction authenticates monarchic power, when a new monarch assumes the throne in a coronation ceremony, the crown is placed on the new monarch's head by a religious official. Some, though not all early Holy Roman Emperors travelled to Rome at some point in their careers to be crowned by the pope. Napoleon, according to legend, surprised Pius VII when he reached out and crowned himself, although in reality this order of ceremony had been pre-arranged: see coronation.

The Imperial crown of Japanese emperor Kōmei(1831 - 1867).

Today, only the British Monarchy continues this tradition as the sole remaining anointed and crowned monarch, though many monarchies retain a crown as a national symbol in heraldry. The French Crown Jewels were sold in 1885 on the orders of the Third French Republic, with only a token number, with their precious stones replaced by glass, held on to for historic reasons and displayed by the Louvre. The Spanish Crown Jewels were destroyed in a major fire in the eighteenth century while the Irish Crown Jewels (actually merely the Sovereign's insignia of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick) were stolen from Dublin Castle in 1907.

Special headgear to designate rulers dates back to pre-history, and is found in many separate civilizations around the globe. Commonly, rare and precious materials are incorporated into the crown, but that is only essential for the notion of crown jewels. Gold and precious jewels are common in western and oriental crowns. In the Native American civilizations of the Pre-Columbian New World, rare feathers, such as that of the quetzal, often decorated crowns; so too in Polynesia (e.g. Hawaii).

• Coronation is often combined with other rituals, such as enthronement (the throne is as much a symbol of monarchy as the crown) and anointing (again religious sanction, the only defining act in the Biblical tradition of Israel).

In other cultures no crown is used in the equivalent of coronation, but the head may still be otherwise symbolically adorned, as a royal tikka in the Hindu tradition of India.

As an emblem

Crown of Flowers, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1884

A crown is often an emblem of the monarchy, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, particularly in Commonwealth countries, as an abstract name for the monarchy itself, as distinct from the individual who inhabits it (see The Crown). A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium, where no coronation ever took place; the royal installation is done by a solemn oath in parliament, wearing a military uniform: the King is not acknowledged as by divine right, but assumes the only hereditary public office in the service of the law; so he in turn will swear in all members of "his" federal government.

• Costume headgear imitating a monarch's crown is also called a crown. Such costume crowns may be worn by actors portraying a monarch, people at costume parties, or ritual "monarchs" such as the king of a Carnival krewe, or the person who found the trinket in a king cake.
• The Eastern Orthodox marriage service has a section called the crowning, wherein the bride and groom are crowned as "king" and "queen" of their future household. In Greek weddings, the crowns are diadems usually made of white flowers, synthetic or real, often adorned with silver or mother of pearl. They are placed on the heads of the newlyweds and are held together by a ribbon of white silk. They are then kept by the couple as a reminder of their special day. In Slavic weddings, the crowns are usually made of ornate metal, designed to resemble an imperial crown, and are held above the newlyweds heads by their best men. A parish usually owns one set to use for all the couples that are married there since these are much more expensive than Greek-style crowns.
• Children, mainly girls, sometimes connect flowers together in a chain, and wear the wreath as if it were a crown (see illustration, left).
• Crowns are also often used as symbols of religious status or veneration, by divinities (or their representation such as a statue) or by their representatives, e.g. the black crown of the Karmapa Lama, sometimes used a model for wider use by devotees.
  

  

  Our Lady of Warfhuizen wearing a crown with a halo surrounded by stars attached to it, typically worn by statues of the virgin Mary
  .
• A Crown of thorns according to the Bible, was placed on the head of Jesus before his crucifixion and has become a common symbol of martyrdom. Rapper Kanye West raised controversy when he appeared on the February 2006 cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns. So did Madonna when she wore one on the opening night of her World Tour in May 2006[1]
• According to Roman Catholic tradition the Blessed Virgin Mary was crowned as Queen of Heaven after her assumption into heaven. She is often depicted wearing a crown, and statues of her in churches and shrines are ceremonially crowned during May.
• The Crown of Immortality is also common in historical symbolism.

The heraldic symbol of Three Crowns, referring to the three evangelical Magi (wise men), traditionally called kings, is believed thus to have become the symbol of the Swedish kingdom, but it also fits the historical (personal, dynastic) Kalmar Union (1397-1520) between the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway.

Numismatics

Because one or more crown, alone or as part of a more elaborate design, often appear on coins, several monetary denominations came to be known as 'a crown' or the equivalent word in the local language. This persists in the case of the national currencies of the Scandinavian countries and the Czech Republic.

See also

• Circlet
• Coronet
• Crown jewels
• Diadem
• Helmet
• Hoop crown
• Heraldic crowns
• Imperial Crown
• Papal tiara
• Tiara
• Royal Crown

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Crowns

Links to related articles Parts of a Crown half-arch | hoop | monde | cap | cross | cross pattee | Lappet v • d • e Types of crowns Rank: Papal Tiara · Imperial crown · Royal crown · Coronet Circlet · Consort crown · Coronation crown · Heraldic crown · Hoop crown · Mural crown · Naval crown · State crown · Diadem v • d • e Crowns World crowns: Crown of Bavaria · Crown of Crown Prince Carl (Norway) · Crown of Christian IV (Denmark) · Crown of Christian V (Denmark) · Crown of Charlemagne · Crown of Zvonimir (Croatia) · Crown of Empress Eugenie (France) · Crown of Eric XIV (Sweden) · Crown of Frederick I (Prussia) · Crown of Louis XV (France) · Crown of Napoleon (France) · Crown of Holland · Crown of the Netherlands · Crown of Norway · Crown of Portugal · Crown of the Queen of Norway · Crown of Elisabeta (Romania) · Crown of Maria (Romania) · Crown of Wilhelm II (Prussia) · Holy Crown of Hungary (Hungary) · Crown of St. Wenceslas (Czech lands) · Crown of the Polish Kingdom (Poland) · Empress Crown (Iran/Persia) · Great Crown of Victory (Thailand) · Kiani Crown (Iran/Persia) · Imperial Crown of Austria · Imperial Crown of Brazil · Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire · Imperial Crown of Mexico · Imperial Crown of Russia · Iron Crown of Lombardy · Crown of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany · Monomakh's Cap (Muscovy) · Crown of Michael (Russia) · Crown of Kazan Khanate · Royal Crown of Serbia · Royal Crown of Spain · Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka · Steel Crown of Romania · Pahlavi Crown (Iran/Persia) · Crown of Silla (Korea) · Papal Tiara · Crown of Hawaii · Crown of Rus · Silver crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia) English, Scottish, Welsh & British crowns (by chronology): Crown of Scotland · St. Edward's Crown · Crown of Mary of Modena · State Crown of George I · Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales · Coronation Crown of George IV · Crown of Queen Adelaide · Imperial State Crown · Small diamond crown of Queen Victoria · Crown of Queen Alexandra · Coronet of George, Prince of Wales · Crown of Queen Mary · Imperial Crown of India · Crown of Queen Elizabeth · Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales See also: Coronation · Crown Jewels · Heir Apparent · Heir Presumptive · King · Monarchy · Queen · Regalia · Royal Family v • d • e Jewellery Forms Anklet · Belt buckle · Belly chain  · Bracelet · Brooch · Chatelaine · Crown · Cufflink · Earring · Necklace · Pendant · Ring · Tiara · Tie clip · Watch (pocket) Making People Bench jeweler · Goldsmith · Jewelry designer · Lapidary · Watchmaker Processes Casting (centrifugal, lost-wax, vacuum) · Enameling · Engraving · Filigree · Metal clay · Plating · Polishing · Repoussé and chasing · Soldering · Stonesetting · Wire wrapping Tools Draw plate · File · Hammer · Mandrel · Pliers Materials Precious metals Gold · Palladium · Platinum · Rhodium · Silver Precious metal alloys Britannia silver · Colored gold · Crown gold · Electrum · Platinum sterling · Shakudo · Shibuichi · Sterling silver · Tumbaga Base metals/alloys Brass · Bronze · Copper · Kuromido · Pewter · Stainless steel · Titanium Mineral gemstones Aventurine · Agate · Alexandrite · Amethyst · Aquamarine · Carnelian · Citrine · Diamond · Emerald · Garnet · Jade · Jasper · Malachite · Lapis lazuli · Moonstone · Obsidian · Onyx · Opal · Peridot · Quartz · Ruby · Sapphire · Sodalite · Sunstone · Tanzanite · Tiger's Eye · Topaz · Tourmaline Organic gemstones Amber · Copal · Coral · Jet · Pearl · Abalone Terms Carat (mass) · Carat (purity) · Finding · Millesimal fineness Related topics: Body piercing · Fashion · Gemology · Metalworking · Wearable art

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - krone, kongen, sejrskrans, præmie, titel, isse, top, skandinavisk mønt, vejmidte, kongemagten
v. tr. - krone, omkranse, sætte tandkrone på, slå oven i hovedet
v. intr. - blive/gøre til dam (om dambrik)

idioms:

• crown cap    flaskekapsel
• Crown Court    kriminalret
• crown jewels    kronjuveler
• Crown prince    kronprins
• Crown princess    kronprinsesse
• crowned head    kronet hoved

Nederlands (Dutch)
kroon, kruin, top/ hoogste deel, krans, koningschap, vorst, ankerkruis, papierformaat, koninklijk, (be)kronen, een kroon op een kies plaatsen, de kroon op het werk zijn, succesvol voltooien, op het hoofd slaan, tot dam verheffen

Français (French)
n. - couronne, diadème, la Couronne, (GB, Jur) ministère public, (Sport) championnat, crête (colline), cime, fond (d'un chapeau), sommet (d'une route), crâne, (Dent) couronne, (Bot) couronne (d'un arbre), (GB) ancienne pièce de monnaie, (Naut) diamant, (Archit) clé d'arc, clé de voûte
v. tr. - couronner (reine, champion), couronner de, taper (qn), (Dent) couronner, (Culin) couronner (gâteau), damer (pièce) (jeux)
v. intr. - se cogner violemment contre, être couronné, être couronné de (succès)

idioms:

• crown cap    capsule
• Crown Court    (GB, Jur) cour d'assises
• Crown jewels    joyaux de la Couronne
• Crown prince    prince héritier
• Crown princess    princesse héritière
• crowned head    tête couronnée

Deutsch (German)
n. - Krone, Kopf, Scheitel, Krönung
v. - krönen, jmdm. eine setzen

idioms:

• crown cap    Kronenkorken
• Crown Court    Krongericht
• Crown jewels    Kronjuwelen
• Crown prince    Kronprinz
• Crown princess    Kronprinzessin
• crowned head    gekröntes Haupt

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - στέμμα, κορόνα, κότινος, κορυφή, αποκορύφωμα, επιστέγασμα, (Βρετ.) ο Μονάρχης, (ιατρ.) στεφάνη, μύλη, κορόνα σφραγίσματος, (οικον.) (Βρετ.) κορόνα (νόμισμα αξίας 5 σελινίων ή 25 πενών
v. - (επι)στέφω, στεφανώνω, επιβραβεύω, ανταμείβω, επιστεγάζω, κοσμώ, στολίζω, φέρω επιτυχώς εις πέρας, (ιατρ.) καλύπτω δόντι με κορόνα, (καθομ.) κατραπακιάζω

idioms:

• crown cap    πτυχωτό καπάκι μπουκάλας
• Crown Court    (νομ.) (Βρετ.) κακουργιοδικείο
• crown jewels    κοσμήματα του στέμματος
• Crown prince    (ο) διάδοχος του θρόνου
• Crown princess    (η) διάδοχος του θρόνου
• crowned head    εστεμμένος

Italiano (Italian)
incoronare, coronare, calotta, diadema, corona, cresta

idioms:

• crown cap    capsula
• Crown Court    tribunale penale
• crown jewels    gioielli della corona
• Crown prince    principe ereditario
• Crown princess    principessa reale
• crowned head    testa coronata

Português (Portuguese)
n. - coroamento (m), soberania (f), glória (f), copa (f) do chapéu
v. - coroar, completar, aperfeiçoar

idioms:

• crown cap    rolha (f) presa com metal em volta da boca da garrafa
• Crown Court    Corte (f) sob o controle direto do governo (Jur.)
• crown jewels    jóias (f pl) de um rei que passam para seu sucessor
• Crown prince    príncipe (m) herdeiro, possível sucessor (m) numa atividade (fig.)
• Crown princess    herdeira (f) do trono
• crowned head    fileira (f) do rei no tabuleiro do jogo de xadrez

Русский (Russian)
короновать, увенчивать, венец, корона, коронка, крона

idioms:

• crown cap    крышка от бутылки
• Crown Court    суд присяжных
• crown jewels    королевские регалии
• Crown prince    кронпринц
• Crown princess    наследная принцесса
• crowned head    коронованная особа

Español (Spanish)
n. - coronilla, diadema, corona, cumbre, cima, moneda de una corona
v. tr. - coronar, completar, rematar
v. intr. - coronarse, completarse, rematarse

idioms:

• crown cap    cápsula
• Crown Court    tribunal de la Corona
• Crown jewels    joyas de la Corona
• Crown prince    príncipe heredero
• Crown princess    princesa heredera
• crowned head    testa coronada

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - krona, krans, olika mynt, topp, hjässa, trädkrona, tandkrona, hattkulle, höjdpunkt
v. - kröna, bekransa, bilda krönet på, prisbelöna, slå ngn i skallen (sl.)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
王冠, 顶点, 王权, 加冕, 表彰, 顶上有, 成为王, 露顶

idioms:

• crown cap    金属瓶盖
• Crown Court    刑事法庭
• crown jewels    王冠, 权杖
• Crown prince    皇太子, 皇储
• Crown princess    王妃, 女王储
• crowned head    国王, 女王, 君主

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 王冠, 頂點, 王權
v. tr. - 加冕, 表彰, 頂上有
v. intr. - 成為王, 露頂

idioms:

• crown cap    金屬瓶蓋
• Crown Court    刑事法庭
• crown jewels    王冠, 權杖
• Crown prince    皇太子, 皇儲
• Crown princess    王妃, 女王儲
• crowned head    國王, 女王, 君主

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 왕관, 왕권, 왕관이 그려져 있는 화폐
v. tr. - 왕관을 씌우다, ~을 꼭대기에 얹다
v. intr. - 왕관을 쓰다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 王冠, 冠, 王位, 君主, 王冠印付きのもの, 栄冠, 頂上, 頭, 絶頂, クラウン貨幣
v. - 王冠を授ける, …につかせる, 栄誉を与える, 報いる, 金冠をかぶせる, …にかぶせる

idioms:

• crown cap    王冠
• Crown Court    刑事裁判所
• crown jewels    戴冠用宝玉
• crown of laurels    勝利の栄冠
• Crown prince    皇太子
• Crown princess    皇太子妃, 王位継承者

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) تاج, عرش, ملك, قمه, أكليل (فعل) توج, كلل, أكمل بنجاح‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮כתר, עטרה, מלך, זר, פסגה, ראש, שלטון, גולת-הכותרת, כובע, חלק הצמח שעל פני הקרקע, החלק העליון של שן, שם של מטבע‬
v. tr. - ‮הכתיר, עיטר (פסגה), שם כתר על שן, היכה על הראש (מדוברת)‬
v. intr. - ‮הגיע לשלב הלידה בו ראשו נמצא כבר ברובו מחוץ לפתח האגן (יילוד)‬

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