earthenware

Earthenware pottery

Earthenware is a common ceramic material, which is used extensively for pottery tableware and decorative objects. Although body formulations vary between countries, and even between individual makers, a generic composition is 25% ball clay, 28% kaolin, 32% quartz, and 15% feldspar. Earthenware is one of the oldest materials used in pottery. While red earthenware made from red clays is very familiar and recognizable, white and buff colored earthenware clays are also commercially available and commonly used.

Earthenware is commonly bisque, or biscuit, fired to temperatures between 1000 and 1150 °C (1800 and 2100 °F), and glost- (glaze-) fired from 950 to 1050 °C (1750 to 1925 °F). However examples of the reverse — low biscuit and high glost firing — can also be found: this can be popular with some studio potters where bisque temperatures may be 900 to 1050 °C (1650 to 1920 °F) with glost temperatures in the range of 1040 to 1150 °C (1900 to 2100 °F). The exact temperature will be influenced by the raw materials used and the desired characteristics of the finished ware. The higher firing temperatures are likely to cause earthenware to bloat. After firing, the body is porous and opaque with colours ranging from white to red depending on the raw materials used.

Earthenware may sometimes be as thin as bone china and other porcelains, though it is not translucent and is more easily chipped. Earthenware is also less strong, less tough, and more porous than stoneware - but its low cost and easier working compensate for these deficiencies. Due to its higher porosity, earthenware must usually be glazed in order to be watertight.

Types of earthenware

Painted, incised, and glazed earthenware. Dated 10th century, Iran. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

• Creamware
• Delftware
• Faience
• Tin-glazed pottery
• Victorian majolica
• Raku
• Terra cotta

See also

• Pottery
• Porcelain

References

• An Introduction To The Technology Of Pottery. 2nd edition. P.Rado. Pergamon Press. 1988
• Whitewares: Production, Testing And Quality Control. W. Ryan & C.Radford. Pergamon Press. 1987
• Hamer, Frank and Janet. The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques. A & C Black Publishers, Limited, London, England, Third Edition 1991. ISBN 0-8122-3112-0.

External links

• Digital Version of "A Representation of the manufacturing of earthenware" – 1827 text on the manufacture of earthenware
• Short film on pottery making around the world