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fluid

  (flū'ĭd) pronunciation
n.

A continuous, amorphous substance whose molecules move freely past one another and that has the tendency to assume the shape of its container; a liquid or gas.

adj.
  1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a fluid.
  2. Readily reshaped; pliable.
  3. Smooth and flowing; graceful: the fluid motion of a cat.
    1. Changing or tending to change; variable: a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty.
    2. Characterized by or allowing social mobility: a fluid society.
  4. Convertible into cash: fluid assets.

[From Middle English, flowing, from Old French fluide, from Latin fluidus, from fluere, to flow.]

fluidity flu·id'i·ty (-ĭd'ĭ-tē) or flu'id·ness n.
fluidly flu'id·ly adv.
 
 
Thesaurus: fluid

adjective

  1. Changing easily, as in expression: changeable, mobile, plastic. See change/persist.
  2. Marked by facility, especially of expression: easy, effortless, flowing, fluent, graceful, smooth. See style/good style/bad style.
  3. Capable of or liable to change: alterable, changeable, inconstant, mutable, uncertain, unsettled, unstable, unsteady, variable, variant. Archaic various. See change/persist.

 
Antonyms: fluid

adj

Definition: adaptable, changeable
Antonyms: inflexible, stable, unchangeable

adj

Definition: liquid
Antonyms: solid

n

Definition: liquid
Antonyms: solid


 
(flōō′id)
n

A liquid or gaseous substance.

 

Any liquid or gas that cannot sustain a shearing force when at rest and that undergoes a continuous change in shape (see flow) when subjected to such a stress. Compressed fluids exert an outward pressure that is perpendicular to the walls of their containers. A perfect fluid lacks viscosity, but real fluids do not.

For more information on fluid, visit Britannica.com.

 

A substance that flows when subjected to shear stress. Gases and liquids are fluids with similar mechanical properties.

 
any substance that is able to flow. Of the four states of matter, only a solid is not a fluid, since it has a definite shape that is not readily changed. Any liquid, gas, or plasma is classed as a fluid.


 

In physics, a substance that flows — usually a liquid or a gas.

 

1. a liquid or gas; any liquid of the body.
2. composed of molecules which freely change their relative positions without separation of the mass.

  • allantoic f. — the fluid contained within the allantois.
  • amniotic f. — the fluid within the amnion that bathes the developing fetus and protects it from mechanical injury.
  • ascitic f. — see ascites.
  • f. balance — a state in which the volume of body water and its solutes (electrolytes and nonelectrolytes) are within normal limits and there is normal distribution of fluids within the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The total volume of body fluids should be about 60% of the body weight, and it should be distributed so that one-third is extracellular fluid and two-thirds intracellular fluid. Although this distribution remains constant in a healthy animal, there is continuous movement of fluid into and out of the various compartments. See also dehydration, water intoxication.
  • body f's — the fluids within the body, composed of water, electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. The volume and distribution of body fluids vary with age, sex and amount of adipose tissue. Throughout life there is a slow decline in the volume of body fluids; obesity decreases the relative amount of water in the body.
  • — Although the body fluids are continuously in motion, moving in and out of the cells, tissue spaces and vascular system, physiologists consider them to be ‘compartmentalized’. Fluid within the cell membranes is called intracellular fluid and comprises about two-thirds of the total body fluids. The remaining one-third is outside the cell and is called extracellular fluid. The extracellular fluid can be further divided into tissue fluid (interstitial fluid), which is found in the spaces between the blood vessels and surrounding cells, and intravascular fluid, which is the fluid component of blood. — The maintenance of a proper balance between the intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes is essential to health. In patients with heart failure and renal failure the balance becomes upset, producing either localized or generalized edema. Excessive fluid loss produces fluid volume deficit causing cellular dehydration and impaired cellular function.
  • Bouin's f. — a histological fixative.
  • cerebrospinal f. — the fluid contained within the ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, and the central canal of the spinal cord. See also cerebrospinal fluid.
  • f. dram — see fluid dram.
  • f. extract — a liquid preparation of a vegetable drug, containing alcohol as a solvent or preservative, or both, of such strength that each milliliter contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 gram of the standard drug it represents.
  • fetal f. — allantoic plus amniotic fluids.
  • interstitial f. — the extracellular fluid bathing the cells in most tissues, excluding the fluid within the lymph and blood vessels.
  • isotonic f. — having the same tonicity or osmotic pressure as blood.
  • lacrimal f. — aqueous fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands; called also tears.
  • f. line — in radiographs, the interface between fluid and gas, as in the gastrointestinal tract, will show as a straight line.
  • f. loss — by vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, water deprivation. See dehydration.
  • f. mosaic model — the modern concept of the structure of a biological membrane developed by S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson. In it the membrane consists of protein molecules partly embedded in a discontinuous bilayer of phospholipids that form the matrix of a mosaic of functional cell units.
  • f. ounce — see fluid ounce.
  • pericardial, pleural, peritoneal f. — normally present in amounts sufficient only to lubricate the movement of viscera within the respective cavities. Composition similar to blood serum.
  • f. replacement — see fluid therapy (below).
  • f. restriction — the limitation of oral fluid intake to a prescribed amount for each 24-hour period.
  • f. retention — see edema.
  • spinal f. — the fluid within the spinal canal.
  • f. splashing sounds — audible when gas and fluid are free in a cavity, e.g. abomasum in cases of abomasal displacement; can be elicited by shaking a small animal or part of a large animal (i.e. succussion) or by simultaneous percussion and auscultation.
  • synovial f. — synovia.
  • f. therapy — aims to replace fluids lost by disease process or by restriction of intake, or to maintain a high rate of fluid excretion to ensure removal of toxins, or to administer therapeutic or anesthetic agents slowly over a long period. The amounts and route of administration vary with the need of the patient. Normal solutions include 5% dextrose and Ringer's solution; alkalinizing fluids include lactated Ringer's and 1.3% sodium bicarbonate; acidifying solutions include isotonic saline and 1.9% ammonium chloride.
  • f. thrill — see thrill.
  • f. volume deficit — an imbalance in fluid volume in which there is loss of fluid from the body not compensated for by an adequate intake of water. The major causes are: (1) insufficient fluid intake, and (2) excessive fluid loss from vomiting, diarrhea, suctioning of gastric contents, or drainage through operative wounds, burns or fistulae. Decreased volume in the intravascular compartment is called hypovolemia. Because water moves freely between the compartments, extracellular fluid deficit causes intracellular fluid deficit (cellular dehydration), which leaves the cells without adequate water to carry on normal function.
  • f. volume excess — an overabundance of water in the interstitial fluid spaces or body cavities (edema) or an excess of fluid within the blood vessels (hypervolemia) and water intoxication.
  • — Factors that contribute to the accumulation of edematous fluid are: (1) dilatation of the arteries, as occurs in the inflammatory process; (2) reduced effective osmotic pressure, as in hypoproteinemia, lymphatic obstruction and increased capillary permeability; (3) increased venous pressure, as in congestive heart failure, thrombophlebitis and cirrhosis of the liver; and (4) retention of sodium due to increased reabsorption of sodium by the renal tubules.
  • f. wave — see thrill.
 
Word Tutor: fluid
pronunciation

IN BRIEF: Any substance that flows.

pronunciation My illness is due to my doctor's insistence that I drink milk, a whitish fluid they force down helpless babies. — W.C. Fields (1879-1946).

 
Wikipedia: fluid
Continuum mechanics
BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.png
Key topics
Conservation of mass
Conservation of momentum
Navier-Stokes equations
Classical mechanics
Stress · Strain · Tensor
Solid mechanics
Solids · Elasticity

Plasticity · Hooke's law
Rheology · Viscoelasticity

Fluid mechanics
Fluids · Fluid statics
Fluid dynamics · Viscosity · Newtonian fluids
Non-Newtonian fluids
Surface tension
Scientists

Newton · Stokes · others

A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress. It is a subset of the phases of matter and includes liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids.

Fluids are also divided into liquids and air. Liquids form a free surface (that is, a surface not created by their container) while gases do not. The distinction between solids and fluids is not so obvious. The distinction is made by evaluating the viscosity of the matter: for example Silly Putty can be considered either a solid or a fluid, depending on the time period over which it is observed.

Fluids share the properties of not resisting deformation and the ability to flow (also described as their ability to take on the shape of their containers). These properties are typically a function of their inability to support a shear stress in static equilibrium. While in a solid, stress is a function of strain, in a fluid, stress is a function of rate of strain. A consequence of this behavior is Pascal's law which entails the important role of pressure in characterizing a fluid's state.

Based on how the stress depends on the rate of strain and its derivatives, fluids can be characterized as:

  • Newtonian fluids : where stress is directly proportional to rate of strain, and
  • Non-Newtonian fluids : where stress is proportional to rate of strain, its higher powers and derivatives (basically everything other than Newtonian fluid).

The behavior of fluids can be described by a set of partial differential equations, which are based on the conservation of mass, linear and angular momentum (Navier-Stokes equations) and energy.

The study of fluids is fluid mechanics, which is subdivided into fluid dynamics and fluid statics depending on whether the fluid is in motion or not.

See also


 
Translations: Translations for: Fluid

Dansk (Danish)
n. - væske, flydende legeme
adj. - flydende, væskeformig, væske-, ubestemt

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    rummål, 28,41 milliliter

Nederlands (Dutch)
vloeistof, vloeibaar, soepel, beweeglijk, meteen in baar geld om te zetten, klinkende munt

Français (French)
n. - (Biol) liquide, (Chim, Tech) fluide
adj. - (gén) liquide, (Chim, Tech) fluide, vague, fluide (un style)

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    (Mes) once liquide (= 0,03 litres)

Deutsch (German)
n. - Flüssigkeit
adj. - flüssig

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    Unze (0,002841 l)

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ρευστό, υγρό
adj. - υγρός, ρευστός, ρέων, ευμετάβλητος, ασταθής

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    28 κυβικά εκατοστόμετρα

Italiano (Italian)
liquido, fluido

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    oncia liquida

Português (Portuguese)
n. - fluido (m)
adj. - fluido (m), líquido (m)

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    onça (f) fluída (unidade de medida)

Русский (Russian)
жидкость, текучая среда, неустойчивый, подвижной

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    жидкая унция

Español (Spanish)
n. - líquido, fluido
adj. - líquido, fluido, inestable, cambiadizo

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    onza líquida

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - icke fast kropp (fys.), fluidum
adj. - flytande, obestämd, likvid

中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
液体, 流体, 分泌液, 流动的, 不安定的, 可改变的

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    液量盎司

中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 液體, 流體, 分泌液
adj. - 流動的, 不安定的, 可改變的

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    液量盎司

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 유체, 유동체
adj. - 유동성의

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 流動する, 流動性の, 流動的な
n. - 流動体, 流体

idioms:

  • fluid ounce    液量オンス

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) مادة سائله أو مائعه (صفه) سائل , مائع‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮גז, נוזל, הפרשה נוזלית‬
adj. - ‮משתנה, גמיש, נוזלי, לא-מוצק‬


 
Best of the Web: fluid

Some good "fluid" pages on the web:


American Sign Language
commtechlab.msu.edu
 
 
 

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