gram

A metric unit of mass equal to one thousandth (10^-3) of a kilogram.

[French gramme, from Late Latin gramma, a small weight, from Greek, something written, small weight.]

1. Any of several plants, such as the chickpea, bearing seeds widely used as food in tropical Asia.
2. The seeds of such a plant.

[Obsolete Portuguese, from Latin grānum, seed.]

A grandmother.

[Shortening and alteration of GRAMMA¹ or GRANDMOTHER.]

Symbol g. One thousandth of a kilogram. The gram is the fundamental unit of mass in c.g.s. units and was formerly used in such units as the gram-atom, gram-molecule, and gram-equivalent, which have now been replaced by the mole.

A regulation that Congress passed on November 12, 1999, which attempts to update and modernize the financial industry. The main function of the Act was to repeal the Glass-Steagall Act that said banks and other financial institutions were not allowed to offer financial services, like investments and insurance-related services, as part of normal operations.

The act is also known as Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act.

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Due to the horrific losses incurred as a result of 1929's Black Tuesday and Thursday, the Glass-Steagall act was created originally during the 1930s in order to prevent bank depositors from additional exposure to risk associated with stock market volatilities. As a result, for many years, banks were not legally allowed to act as brokers. Since many regulations have been instituted since the 1930s to protect bank depositors, GLBA was created to allow the financial industry to offer more services.

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Established in 1933 and repealed in 1999, the Glass-Steagall Act had good intentions but mixed results. What Was The Glass-Steagall Act?
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The basic unit of mass of the metric system. Equivalent to 15.432 gr.

mass. Symbol g. (Metric) The central unit of mass, with all masses being expressed as grams alone else with a standard decimal multiplier else divisor prefixes. Originally defined as the mass of 1 cubic centimetre of water, the gram has, since 1799, been defined as 1 thousandth of the prototype kilogram in the archives. For Metric-c.g.s. the gram was the base unit, but with the SI the kilogram is the base unit (i.e. the unit with which pertinent other units are coherent.)

For more information on gram, visit Britannica.com.

Unit of mass (symbol g) equivalent to 1/1000 of a kilogram. One ounce is equal to 28.35 g. An average paper clip weighs approximately 1 g.

In medieval legend, a magic sword thrust into a tree by Odin and pulled out by Sigmund. It bestowed upon its possessor exceptional powers and performed many miracles. The story is told in The Lay of the Volsungs.

The basic unit of measurement for mass in the metric system; one cubic centimeter of water has a mass of approximately one gram.

1. the basic unit of mass (weight) of the metric system, being the equivalent of 15.432 grains; symbol g, sometimes abbreviated gm.and si units.
2. see gram's stain.
3. see chickpea.

• g. atomic weight — the same numerically as the atomic weight of an element but expressed in grams.
• g. molecular weight — the same numerically as the molecular weight of the substance but expressed in grams.

To convert from grams to:

carat(metric), multiply by 5.
dram, multiply by 0.56438339.
dynes, multiply by 980.7.
grains, multiply by 15.43.
joules/cm, multiply by 9.807E-05.
joules/meter (newtons), multiply by 9.807E-03.
kilograms, multiply by .001.
milligrams, multiply by 1000.
ounces(avoirdupois), multiply by .035273962.
ounces (troy), multiply by .032150747.
poundals, multiply by .07093.
pounds, multiply by .0022046226.

Gram
Unit sign	g
Measure	Mass
Base Unit	Kilogram
Multiple of Base	10-3
System	SI, CGS, other
Common usage	Commonly used in cooking and drug measuring.
Examples
One millilitre of water is 1 g at 4 °C. Typical coins: a euro is 7.5 g and a US penny is 2.5 g
Conversion
SI	10 dg= 1 g = 0.1 dag = 0.001 kg
Imperial	1 g ≈ 0.0353 ounce ≈ 0.00220 pound
see also: Orders of magnitude (mass)
Next units
decigram	<	Gram	<	decagram

Pen cap, about 1 gram.

For other uses of the words gram or gramme, see gram (disambiguation).

The gram (also gramme in British English),^[1] (Greek/Latin root grámma); symbol g, is a unit of mass.

Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre, and at the temperature of melting ice"^[2] (later 4 °C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10^-3 kg, which itself is defined as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.

Contents 1 Other abbreviations 2 History 3 Uses 4 SI multiples 5 Conversion factors 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

Other abbreviations

The International System of Units abbreviation for the gram is g, and follows the numeric value with a space, as in "640 g".^[3][4] In some fields and regions, the international standard units for units are used quite strictly, in particular in technical and scientific publications and in legally regulated product labels. In other contexts, a wide range of other unofficial abbreviations have been encountered, such as gr, gm, grm, gms, grms. The use of abbreviations such as "gm", "Gm", or "GM" for grams could potentially lead to serious errors in healthcare settings where accidentally transposing "gm" to "mg" (milligrams) would result in a 1000 times dosage difference. It would therefore be prudent to use "g" as the abbreviation for grams in any healthcare setting.

History

It was the base unit of mass in the original French metric system and the later centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. The word originates from late Latin gramma – a small weight.

Uses

The gram is today the most widely used unit of measurement for non-liquid ingredients in cooking and grocery shopping worldwide. For food products that are typically sold in quantities far less than 1 kg, the unit price is normally given per 100 g.

Most standards and legal requirements for nutrition labels on food products require relative contents to be stated per 100 g of the product, such that the resulting figure can also be read as a percentage.

SI multiples

Because SI prefixes may not be concatenated (serially linked) within the name or symbol for a unit of measure, SI prefixes are used with the gram, not the kilogram, which already has a prefix as part of its name.^[5] For instance, one-millionth of a kilogram is 1 mg (one milligram), not 1 µkg (one microkilogram).

SI multiples for gram (g)

Submultiples				Multiples
Value	Symbol	Name		Value	Symbol	Name
10–1 g	dg	decigram		101 g	dag	decagram
10–2 g	cg	centigram		102 g	hg	hectogram
10–3 g	mg	milligram		103 g	kg	kilogram
10–6 g	µg	microgram (mcg)		106 g	Mg	megagram (tonne)
10–9 g	ng	nanogram		109 g	Gg	gigagram
10–12 g	pg	picogram		1012 g	Tg	teragram
10–15 g	fg	femtogram		1015 g	Pg	petagram
10–18 g	ag	attogram		1018 g	Eg	exagram
10–21 g	zg	zeptogram		1021 g	Zg	zettagram
10–24 g	yg	yoctogram		1024 g	Yg	yottagram
Common prefixes are in bold face.[6]

• When the Greek lowercase “µ” (mu) in the symbol of microgram is typographically unavailable, it is occasionally—although not properly—replaced by Latin lowercase “u”.
• The microgram is often abbreviated “mcg”, particularly in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement labeling, to avoid confusion since the “µ” prefix is not well recognized outside of technical disciplines.^[7] Note however, that the abbreviation “mcg”, is also the symbol for an obsolete CGS unit of measure known as the “millicentigram,” which is equal to 10 µg.
• The unit name “megagram” is rarely used, and even then, typically only in technical fields in contexts where especially rigorous consistency with the units of measure is desired. For most purposes, the term “tonne,” or “metric ton” is instead used. Further, whereas unit name “megatonne” or “megaton” (Mt) is often used in popular literature on global climate change, the equivalent value in scientific literature on the subject is the “teragram” (Tg).

Conversion factors

• 1 gram (g) = 15.4323583529 grains (gr)
• 1 grain (gr) = 0.06479891 grams (g)
• 1 avoirdupois ounce (oz) = 28.349523125 grams (g)
• 1 troy ounce (ozt) = 31.1034768 grams (g)
• 1 gram (g) = 8.98755179 × 10¹³ joules (J) (by mass-energy equivalence)

References

1. ^ "AskOxford: gram". English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2009. http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/gram?view=uk. Retrieved on 2009-06-27. 
2. ^ Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures, 1795
3. ^ SI brochure, Section 3.2
4. ^ NIST Special Publication 811
5. ^ NIST: SI prefixes (link to Web site). 
6. ^ Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the U.S. spelling (-gram) and the U.K./International spelling (-gramme). 
7. ^ The practice of using the abbreviation “mcg” rather than the SI symbol “µg” was formally mandated for medical practitioners in 2004 by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) in their “Do Not Use” List: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols because hand-written expressions of “µg” can be confused with “mg”, resulting in a thousand-fold overdosing. The mandate was also adopted by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. 

See also

• Conversion of units
• Duella
• Gold gram

External links

• grams (weight) conversion to spoons (volume) as used in cooking

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - gram

2.
n. - linsetype

3.
n. - bedste, bedstemor

Nederlands (Dutch)
gram, peulvrucht(en)

Français (French)
1.
n. - (Mes) gramme

2.
n. - (Culin) légumes secs

3.
n. - grand-mère

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Gramm

2.
n. - Hülsenfrüchte, Kichererbse

3.
n. - Oma, Großmutter

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - γραμμάριο, (φυτολ.) όσπριο

Italiano (Italian)
grammo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - grão-de-bico (m) (Bot.)

Русский (Russian)
грамм

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - gramo

2.
n. - grano usado como alimento para personas y animales

3.
n. - abuela

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - gram

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 克

2. 鹰嘴豆, 绿豆, 双花扁豆

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 鷹嘴豆, 綠豆, 雙花扁豆

2.
n. - 克

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 그램 (무게의 단위)

2.
n. - 병아리콩

3.
n. - 할머니

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - グラム

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) حمص ( نبات), غرام, وحدة متريه لقياس, الوزن‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮גרם‬
n. - ‮כל סוג קטניות המשמש למאכל‬
n. - ‮סבתא‬

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