Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination
The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE, 香港中學會考) is a standardized examination which most local students sit for at the end of their 5-year secondary education. It is conducted by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA).
Introduction
In 2005, 119,471 candidates entered for the examination. 86,019 of them were school candidates and 33,451 were private candidates, of which most are re-takers of individual exams.
The HKCEE is conducted from late April to May, for most subjects, by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA). For oral examinations, they are conducted in late June.
The results are released in the second week of August. There are 44 subjects available in the HKCEE. Most day school candidates take 7 to 8 subjects in the HKCEE, with 10 being the upper limit. Apart from Chinese Language and English Language which are taken by almost every school candidate, and language-specific subjects (French, Chinese History (Chinese only), Buddhist Studies (Chinese only), Literature in English (English only), Putonghua (Chinese only) and Word Processing & Business Communication (English only).), all subjects can be taken in either Chinese or English. The same standards are applied in marking and grading regardless of the language of choice, and the language medium is not recorded on the results notices or certificates. It is, however, recorded on the admission forms.
Purpose of HKCEE
After sitting the HKCEE and having their examination results announced, candidates may apply for a place in Form 6 amongst local schools in Hong Kong. Moreover, in order to qualify for the HKALE (Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination), students must have taken the HKCEE as a prerequisite.
The certificate of HKCEE is well-known and widely recognised in Hong Kong as a formal document for seeking a job or pursuing further studies. The HKEAA has arrangements with examination boards in the United Kingdom and most subjects are functionally equivalent to the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). However, it is widely known that the HKCEE examination is qualitatively much harder than its General Certificate of Education (GCE) equivalent. Moreover, there are also significantly less students obtaining a grade of A on a percentage basis. This steep curve is introduced partly to accommodate for the lack of resources in the local university system.
For comparison, the Mathematics syllabus of HKCEE is equal to New Zealand's NCEA Level 2 Mathematics at Form 6 (Year 12) level (excluding Calculus)[citation needed] rather than NCEA Level 1 or its predecessor the School Certificate examination sat by the country's Form 5 (Year 11) students.
Additional Mathematics in the HKCEE is on balance academically more advanced than NCEA Level 3 Mathematics with Calculus[citation needed], sat by Form 7 (Year 13) students in New Zealand to gain university entrance in science and engineering. HKCEE Add. Mathematics is also recognized by Hong Kong's universities as qualificationally equivalent to HKALE Pure Mathematics.
For the examination questions on the same topics, those in HKCEE tend to be loaded with hard to understand wordings and difficult manipulations compared with their NCEA counterparts[citation needed].
In other subjects, such as the sciences like Chemistry, Physics, the syllabi covered in HKCEE are similar to that of the SAT Subject Tests sat in Grade 12, but it is arguably easier to obtain a score of 760 on the SAT Subject Tests then to obtain a grade of A in the HKCEE examination[citation needed] despite theoretically, Grade 12 is equivalent to Form 6 under the Hong Kong school system.
Grading
The results of the HKCEE are expressed in terms of six grades A - F.
| Grade | Point(s) | Recognition |
|---|---|---|
| A (a) | 5 | Distinction |
| B (b) | 4 | ----- |
| C (c) | 3 | Credit, (Equivalent to a pass in GCSE) |
| D (d) | 2 | ----- |
| E (e) | 1 | Minimum requirement for employment purposes ,a pass in HKCEE |
| F (f) | 0 | Failed |
Results below grade 'F' are designated as unclassified ('UNCL'), assigned either when candidates hand in unanswered or unintelligent paper(s). Candidates not taking the exam are designated as Absent ('ABS') for that subject.
Before 2002 grades A - F were each divided into two fine grades, making the original number of grades available twelve, from A(01) to F(12).
The results are graded 'on the curve' but at the same time a cutoff score for each grade is also used. Obtaining an A is very difficult, especially for languages, where only about 1.5-3% of the students get As. On average, only the top 3-4% in each subject can get an A. The cutoff scores vary greatly from subject to subject and from year to year. To give a clearer picture, for Chinese language A-grades are sometimes given for candidates having scored 70 or above, while for Mathematics, an A invariably translates to a score in excess of 90. The cutoff scores are not released by the HKEAA publicly; the information being only available to teachers.
Official statistics can be found on the HKEAA website: http://www.hkeaa.edu.hk/doc/fd/2004cee/39-60.pdf
Points correspond to each grade is calculated for Form Six admission, the six best subjects are calculated. Thus, the full-mark is 30 points. The minimum requirement for entering Form Six is pass in 5 subjects with no less than 8 points or pass in 6 subjects. For IVE admission, seven best subjects are calculated.
In 2007, the grades of Chinese Language and English Language are modified to suit the syllabus changes. There are six new
grades:
- 5*=5 points
- 5=4 points
- 4=3 points
- 3=2 points
- 2=1 point
- 1=0 point
Marking Schemes
While the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) have been publishing booklets of past examination papers of each subject at an affordable price, the marking schemes (i.e. official detailed solutions) of past examinations were never readily available to the public. The official argument from the HKEAA for not publishing these marking schemes was that it might be "pedagogically unsound" and encourages "rote memorization" behaviours from students. Nevertheless, students were often able to obtain these "restricted documents" through taking classes at tutorial centres. Hence, the policy of the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) indirectly denied less-privileged students from gaining access to information pertaining to how examination papers are scored. This might create a socio-economical bias in the ability of students to obtain good results in the HKCEE. Moreover, according to media reports, some so-called "star tutors" managed to earn upwards of HK$7 million per annum (~US$900,000), leading some to speculate that the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA)'s policy had indirectly transferred large amounts of wealth to these tutorial centres.
To deal with this problem, the HKEAA has started to release the marking schemes together with the examination papers of that year since 2003.
HKSAR Government Scholarship
The HKSAR Government Scholarship is a prestigious award associated with the HKCEE Examination. The top 30-40 candidates in the HKCEE Examination receive this scholarship each year. Counterintuitively, many 10A students fail to receive this award. This apparent paradox is mainly due to the methodology in which the HKSAR Government Scholarship is awarded. Rather than calculating the number of As each student has, the HKSAR Government Scholarship is awarded on the basis of the highest total in raw scores attained in the seven best subjects of each student. Consequently, many 9A, 8A, and even 7A students go on to win this award while 10A students go home empty handed. This has been a major source of complaint from eager parents of 10A students who felt cheated from this coveted prize.
Early Admission Scheme
Currently, there is a scheme called the Early Admission Scheme held by universities in Hong Kong, such as The University of Hong Kong (HKU), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). Candidates with 6 or more 'A's (Distinctions) in the HKCEE (With their Language subjects scoring 'C' or above) are eligible for applying the Early Admission Scheme which may grant them the admission to the aforementioned institutions without the need to sit for the HKALE.
List of Subjects
- Accommodation and Catering Services 3
- Additional Mathematics
- Biology
- Buddhist Studies 2
- Ceramics 1
- Chemistry
- Chinese History
- Chinese Language
- Chinese Literature
- Commerce
- Computer and Information Technology
- Design and Technology 6
- Design and Technology (Alternative Syllabus) 6
- Economic and Public Affairs 4
- Economics 4
- Electronics and Electricity
- Engineering Science 1
- English Language
- Fashion and Clothing 5
- French
- Geography
- Government and Public Affairs
- Graphical Communication
- History
- Home Economics (Dress and Design) 5
- Home Economics (Food, Home and Family) 3
- Human Biology 1
- Integrated Humanities
- Literature in English
- Mathematics
- Music
- Physical Education
- Physics
- Principles of Accounts
- Putonghua
- Religious Studies 2
- Science and Technology
- Social Studies
- Technical Drawing 1
- Technological Studies 6
- Textiles 1
- Travel and Tourism
- Visual Arts
- Word Processing and Business Communication (English)
- Syllabus will be cancelled since 2007
- Buddhist Studies may not be taken with Religious Studies
- Accommodation and Catering Services may not be taken with Home Economics (Food, Home and Family)
- Economics may not be taken with Economic and Public Affairs
- Home Economics (Dress and Design) may not be taken with Fashion and Clothing
- Design and Technology may not be taken with Design and Technology (Alternative Syllabus) or Technological Studies
Future development
The Authority is implementing School-based Assessment gradually to all subjects, in order to reduce the stress on students due to tedious examination practicing. Starting from 2006, two subjects--Chinese History and History--has been implented with the School-based assessment, replacing the previous multiple choice paper in public examinations.
Owing to the transition from the 5+2-year curriculum (5 years of secondary and 2 years of sixth form / matriculation) to a 6-year curriculum of secondary education, the HKCEE and the HKALE will be faded out and replaced with a new examination, namely Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE).
In 2007, the curriculum of the subjects Chinese Language and English Language were revised. The two subjects were no longer graded along the normal distribution curve but rather by criteria referencing. Letter grades will also be abolished and numerical levels used instead, with 5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest. In addition, level 5 will be further sub-divided into 5 and 5*.
The proposed revisions specific to Chinese Language include:
- The removal of the 26 selected essays, excerpts from the classics, poems and ancient lyrics in the original curriculum, replacing them with the selection of reading materials by the teachers.
- Independent reading comprehension and writing papers.
- The addition of a listening comprehension examination.
- The addition of a speaking (oral) examination.
- The addition of a paper testing integrated skills.
- The addition of a school-based assessment (SBA) scheme that accounts for 20% of the exam mark.
The proposed revisions specific to English Language include:
- The abolishment of two separate syllabi. Before 2007, two syllabi coexist. Grades attained on syllabus A is considered 2 grades inferior to grades attained on syllabus B (e.g. a C on syllabus A is equivalent to an E on syllabus B), which is an O-level equivalent.
- The abolishment of the testing of grammar and language usage which was once part of the old reading comprehension and usage paper. (Grammar will be tested alongside with comprehension in the same section)
- A refined writing paper, now requiring two separate pieces writing, one guided, one independent and more open-ended.
- A refined reading comprehension paper, with questions requiring written answers instead of the old format in which every question was a multiple choice question.
- A refined speaking skills paper, requiring more independent thinking than the previous routinized paper.
- The addition of a school-based assessment (SBA) scheme that accounts for 15% of the exam mark.
HKEAA had also announced that candidates sat in the 2006 exam who wish to retake Chinese or English subjects shall take the new syllabi. It is questionable whether whose candidates, previously adopt to the old syllabi, can follow the structure of the new syllabi in just about half year.
Recent year controversies
English Language grading error in 2005
In 2005, the oral component of the English language examination was incorrectly added to the total score due to a recent upgrade to the HKEAA computer system and the supervisor in charge failed to double-check the results. Subsequently, many candidates received an incorrect total score which resulted in an incorrect final grade for the subject. In an attempt to mitigate the situation, the HKEAA publicly apologised and re-checked the oral component of the English language subject for all candidates. Candidates who would have resulted in a higher score received an upgrade. However, since some candidates were unable to find a school for their matriculate education because they received an incorrect grade, the EMB was forced to increase the school quota for some schools to accommodate those affected students.
HKCEE English Language (Syllabus B) 2005 Incident
A proofreading exercise in the Paper 2 of the HKCEE English Language (Syllabus B) quoted a message adapted from an online forum. Some students, for their anger, went flaming on the forum. This caused the HKEAA to hold several internal meetings for not to quote the online forum messages anymore.
English Language (Syllabus B) 2006 Paper 2 Incident
The HKCEE English Language (Syllabus B) 2006, the last year for this syllabus, was administered on the 4th of May. During Paper 2, Reading Comprehension and Usage, some candidates complained that the HKEAA, in providing all of the study sources via weblink, created the potential for candidates to go to toilets and access the solutions with electronic devices such as PDA's and cell phones. This rumour was first propagated on local forums and Young-M. The incident has generated widespread public furor. One CE candidate started a petition that received over 13,000 signatures in one day, and most mass media has reported extensively on the incident and petition.
Numerous discussions have been initiated on local forums. Candidates sitting for the paper are currently demanding a re-take of the paper and an apology from the HKEAA. Some candidates have collaborated with political parties to hold protests against the HKEAA decision to not re-administer the paper. A protest (Cantonese) is proposed for the 31st of May or the 1st of July.
On a local forum, a candidate has threatened to sue the HKEAA, saying that justice needed to be defended. More than 100 complaints have already been received by the HKEAA regarding the incident.
The actual articles used in the exam
- [1], an article on the Para Para scene in Hong Kong, published by USA Today on August 31, 2001.
- [2], a website about cyber-bullying
Chinese Language 2007 Paper 2 Incident
In 2007 HKCEE Chinese Language Paper 2 (Writing), Question 2 'Lemon Tea' was suspected to be leaked beforehand since a tutor, called Siu Yuen, from King's Glory Education Centre gave his students a sample article of a similar title 'Iced Lemon Tea' well before the exam. This led to assumption that this tutor had knowledge of the question in the actual exam by whatever means.
2 students have lodged a complaint to the Hong Kong Examinations & Assessments Authority regarding this incident. A spokesperson of the HKEAA claims that any kinds of copying by candidates will result in no marks given to the parts copied.
English mock paper incident in 2007
The HKEAA had provided the mock paper of Chinese and English subjects to schools for practising, as the syllabi will be changed in the same year. While the instruction requested students to use a pencil in answering multiple-choice questions and other answers in English Paper 1A, held on March 7, quite a number of students used a ball pen to answer it. Concerns thus raised, yet the Authority said that the results will not be affected.
The fourth and fifth item in "Instruction to candidates":
4. "...Write your answers clearly and neatly in the spaces provided in the Question-Answer Book. Use a pencil to write your answer."
5. "For multiple-choice questions, blacken the appropriate circle with a pencil..."
English Language 2007 questions leakage incident
Before the examination date of English Language Papers in 2007, "Ken sir", one of the well-known tutors in Modern Education Centre and Hong Kong, called his student to go back to the tutorial centre for a few days, and add some topics about fashion in their notes. It was found that the actual paper 1 (Reading and Writing) had got the same topic and even some questions are nearly identical to the tutor's prediction. Worries had been raised due to the suspectable leakage of the questions.
Publishing
As a usual practice, the HKEAA publishes past papers, marking schemes and examination reports every year. At past, only past papers were available; most subjects will put past papers of consecutive 5 years into a joint edition (except English and Putonghua). Marking schemes were to be given to markers only.
Since 2003, the authority will put past paper, marking scheme and examination report of a single year into one book, and the price ranged from HK$20-45.
See also
External links
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
