Klaxon

Switches to sound Klaxon on a Submarine

	Klaxon A sample of a submarine dive Klaxon used by United States Navy submarines during World War II
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Klaxon is a trademark for an electromechanical horn or alerting device. Mainly used on automobiles, trains and ships, they alert listeners of the vehicle's arrival and possible danger.

The klaxon's characteristic sound is produced by a spring-steel diaphragm with a rivet in the center that is repeatedly struck by the teeth of a rotating cog wheel. The diaphragm is attached to a horn that acts as an acoustic transformer as well as controlling the direction of the sound.

In the first klaxons, the wheel was driven either by hand or by an electric motor. The electric version has been credited to inventor Miller Reese Hutchison, an associate of Thomas Edison.

The Lovell-McConnell Manufacturing Co. of Newark, New Jersey bought the rights to the device in 1908. F. W. Lovell, the founder, coined the name klaxon from the Ancient Greek verb klazō, "to shriek".

Klaxons were first fitted to automobiles and bicycles in 1908. Electric klaxons were the first electrical devices to be fitted to private automobiles. They were originally powered by 6-volt dry cells, and from 1911 by rechargeable batteries. Later hand-powered versions were used as military evacuation alarms and factory sirens. The klaxon is also famous for its use as a submarine dive alarm. Oliver Lucas of Birmingham, England developed a standard electric car horn in 1910. The English company Klaxon Signals Ltd. has been based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England for the last 80 years, with premises also in Birmingham. The French Klaxon company was acquired by the Italian Fiamm Group in the 1990s.

In 2005 Klaxon sold the rights for the hooter or klaxon range to Moflash Signalling Ltd., based in the original Klaxon Factory in Birmingham England. The Famous Klaxet ES and A1 hooters returned home to Birmingham after 10 years.

Generalization of the word in foreign languages

Several foreign languages use a form of the word as the general term for a car's horn, regardless of whether it is still the same mechanism (very rarely so) or not. In French, the spelling remains the same, as "klaxon", in Slovak an acute accent is added "klaxón". In Romanian and in Spanish it's altered to "claxon", which is also the popular word for it in Dutch (mostly used in Belgium). In Peru, the formal name for the horns of an automobile is naturalized as "clácson".

The same applies to some languages that do not use the Latin alphabet. In Japanese, the term for a car's horn is written as "kurakushon" (クラクション^?). And Arabic uses the word transliterated as "klax" to refer to a car's horn (كلاكس in Arabic script).

Popular culture

Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (April 2009)

• The Klaxon: March of the Automobiles was composed by Henry Fillmore in 1929 for the Cincinnati Automobile Show, and was originally performed on twelve automobile horns.

External links

• Authentic Navy Alarm Sounds
• Pages from a klaxon horn adjustment manual with diagrams