Eunice Kennedy Shriver

• Born: 10 July 1921
• Birthplace: Brookline, Massachusetts
• Died: 11 August 2009 (natural causes)
• Best Known As: The founder of the Special Olympics

Name at birth: Eunice Kennedy

Eunice Kennedy Shriver was the founder of the Special Olympics and a longtime advocate for the mentally disabled. Shriver was the middle child of nine in the family of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. It was a prominent and powerful Democratic family: brothers John, Robert, and Edward all became U.S. senators, and John was president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Eunice Kennedy graduated from Stanford University in 1943 with a degree in sociology and took a job with the State Department during World War II. In 1957 she became head of the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation (named for her brother), which worked on behalf of those with mental retardation. Shriver organized the first Special Olympics, which were held in 1968 in Chicago. She spent the next four decades expanding the Special Olympics and working in support of those with intellectual disabilities. She was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan in 1984 for her work "on behalf of America's least powerful people, those with mental retardation." Late in life she was weakened by a series of strokes, and she died at Cape Cod Hospital near the Kennedy family compound in Hyannis, Massachusetts.

She married Sargent Shriver on 23 May 1953. He became a key campaign aide to John Kennedy in 1960 and was the first director of the Peace Corps. Sargent Shriver now reportedly suffers from Alzheimer's Disease... The Shrivers had five children: Robert III (b. 1954), Maria (b. 1955), Timothy (b. 1959), Mark (b. 1964), and Anthony (b. 1965). Timothy became Chairman of the Special Olympics in 1996... Maria became a journalist and married Republican actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who later became governor of California... Eunice Shriver's interest in mental disability was sparked in part by the struggles of her own sister, Rosemary.

Eunice Kennedy Shriver (born 1920) was one of the founders of the Special Olympics, which provided physical training and competition to mentally challenged athletes. She worked tirelessly to improve the quality of life for mentally challenged people and to provide them with opportunities to achieve, to become productive citizens, and to be respected members of their communities.

Shriver was one of nine children born to Rose and Joseph Kennedy on July 10, 1920, in Brookline, Massachusetts. In her wealthy and politically powerful family, public service was an honored tradition. One of her brothers, John F. Kennedy, became president of the United States; two others, Robert F. and Edward M. Kennedy, were U.S. senators. All the Kennedy children were expected to compete and excel. Harrison Rainie and John Quinn, in their book Growing Up Kennedy: The Third Wave Comes of Age, quoted her as saying, "The important thing was win-don't come in second or third, that doesn't count-but win, win, win."

Most of the children followed this advice, entering public service or other competitive occupations. One child, however, did not. Shriver's sister, Rosemary, was born with mild mental retardation. As time went on and the children grew up, it became more and more apparent to the entire family, and perhaps to Rosemary herself, that she would never be able to keep up with her siblings. Gradually, Rosemary became more difficult to handle, hitting people and smashing things and, on one occasion, attacking her grandmother.

Rosemary underwent brain surgery in an effort to make her more calm. According to Peter Collier and David Horowitz in The Kennedys: An American Drama, the operation did reduce her rage, but it "made her go from being mildly retarded to very retarded." Rosemary, now unable to function except at a very childlike level, needed constant care. Joe and Rose Kennedy decided to commit their daughter to St. Coletta's, an institution in Wisconsin.

Everyone in the family was affected by Rosemary's condition; they all became more aware of the needs of mentally challenged people. Shriver, in particular, saw that mentally challenged people can often accomplish quite a lot. "Of all the family," Rainie and Quinn remarked, "Eunice is the one who has been the most attentive to seeing and occasionally caring for Rosemary."

A Sense of Social Justice

Shriver was a devoted Catholic and had a strong sense of social justice. When she was 26, she ran a juvenile agency. Later she lived in a West Virginia prison so that she could understand the prisoners' lives. When prisoners were let out on work release, she welcomed them to her home, even after one of them robbed her. Shriver married R. Sargent Shriver, founder of the Peace Corps and U.S. ambassador to France. He shared her religious views as well as her sense of social responsibility and commitment to helping mentally challenged people.

Shriver's brother, President John F. Kennedy, also had a vision of helping mentally challenged people and their families. In 1961, Shriver helped to establish the Presidential Committee on Mental Retardation. In a news conference on October 11, 1961, Kennedy said, "This condition strikes those least able to protect themselves from it.… At one time, there was practically no effective program in the field of mental retardation. Whenever possible, the children were committed to institutions. They were segregated from normal society and forgotten, except by members of their family.… They suffered from lack of public understanding and they suffered from lack of funds."

Camp Timberlawn

In June 1963, Shriver and her husband began a summer day camp at Timberlawn, the Rockville, Maryland home that they rented. The house was a huge Civil War-era mansion with over 200 acres of grounds. For five weeks every summer, 50 to 60 mentally challenged children and adults came to Camp Timberlawn. The camp had a song, a flag-raising ceremony, and many activities including swimming, baseball, soccer, volleyball, and an obstacle course. All campers had companions, usually teenagers, who helped them with activities and made sure they didn't get hurt.

The day camp was so successful in showing that mentally challenged people could benefit from sports and recreational programs, that Shriver, with the help of the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, decided to expand it throughout the United States. The Kennedy family had created the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation in 1946 to honor the memory of Shriver's oldest brother, who was killed in a plane crash while serving in World War II. The foundation aimed to prevent mental retardation and to improve the lives of mentally challenged people.

In 1962, Shriver created the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Awards in Mental Retardation, and the National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development. Between 1963 and 1968, the Foundation provided grants to aid more than 80 public and private organizations in creating and administering similar day camps for mentally challenged people.

The Kennedy administration began testing the fitness of American school children, giving those who passed the Presidential Physical Fitness Award. Shriver was inspired to give similar tests to physically challenged children, providing silver, gold, and champ awards. This led to the idea of a physical training program and Olympic competition for physically challenged people.

Since 1964, the Chicago Park District had been an enthusiastic participant in the day camp programs. In January 1968, the District asked for a grant to fund an event to be held in a Chicago park. Shriver invited the District's representatives to Washington, where she told them that she approved their plan, but wanted to expand it to an international competition that would be called the "Special Olympics." The Foundation awarded the Chicago Park District a grant to develop and run the first Special Olympics Games.

The Special Olympics

The first International Special Olympics Games were held on July 19 and 20, 1968, at Chicago's Soldier Field, with funding from the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation and the Chicago Park District. One thousand athletes from 26 U.S. states and Canada competed in track and field events, hockey, and aquatic sports. Shriver, perhaps remembering her father's overemphasis on winning at all costs, modified the definition of "winning" for these games. All competitors in the Special Olympics were "winners," simply because they entered the competition. "Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt," is the oath taken by athletes in the Special Olympics. Shriver's son, Tim, told Rainie and Quinn, "The best way to describe it is that you are expected to push, push, push, and do your best." As he told interviewer Oprah Winfrey, "Special Olympics is about … saying it's not what you're born with but what you bring to the table. If you run that race with everything God gave you, you've won."

Frank Gifford, in a foreword to the book Skill, Courage, Sharing, Joy: The Stories of Special Olympics, explained, "No person is too handicapped to take part in Special Olympics. Each competes to the extent of his or her abilities. And no achievement is too small, no time too slow. What these true Olympians may lack in speed or strength, they more than make up for with their effort and determination." He quoted Shriver, who said, "In a world where poverty, war, and oppression have dimmed people's hopes, Special Olympic athletes rekindle that hope with their spiritual strength, their excellence, and achievements. For as we hope for the best in them, hope is reborn in us."

Shriver wrote in her foreword to Readings in Special Olympics, "Special Olympians and their families are challenging the common wisdom that says only intellectual achievement is the measure of human life. They have proved that the common wisdom is wrong. Special Olympians and their families-more than one million of them-are proof that the value of human life should be measured in many ways."

The Games were so successful that in December 1968, Special Olympics International became an official nonprofit organization and a Special Olympics chapter was organized in every U.S. state, as well as in Canada and France. The program has grown phenomenally and is now known around the world. In the 1995 World Summer Games in New Haven, Connecticut, almost 7,000 athletes from 130 countries competed with the help of 2,000 coaches, 15,000 family members and friends, 450,000 volunteers, 500,000 spectators and 1,500 media members. Millions of people watched the games on television. As of 1999, more than one million athletes in 50 U.S. states and 150 countries competed in 26 sports; more than 15,000 games, meets, and tournaments were held during the year.

The Special Olympics movement embodies quality training and high levels of sportsmanship. Because of its commitment, it is the only sports organization that has received approval from the International Olympic Committee to use the word "Olympics" in its title. Its goals have expanded as society began to realize what mentally challenged people could accomplish. Currently, Special Olympics athletes also coach, officiate at events, give speeches, and hold regular jobs. As the Special Olympics Quarterly Newsletter from Spring/Summer of 1998 notes, "They surprise the world around them with their abilities! Today's Special Olympics movement does not exist for the athlete, but with the athlete-for they are the future, the leaders, the heroes as the movement reaches out to people with mental retardation all over the world."

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center

In 1969, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center was founded. It was one of the first mental retardation and developmental disabilities research centers and university-affiliated programs in the United States. The Center conducts basic research to determine how biological and environmental factors influence human development, with a special influence on mental retardation and other developmental disabilities. In addition, the Center provides training and service programs for people with developmental disabilities and their families. President Ronald Reagan awarded Shriver the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her work "on behalf of America's least powerful people, the mentally retarded."

Gratitude and Admiration

In 1995, Shriver was scheduled to speak to a gathering at Yale University as the 1995 Kiphuth Fellowship Speaker. The Kiphuth Foundation honors people who are distinguished in sports, literature, or the arts. Because she was ill at the time, her husband spoke for her. Mr. Shriver spoke about the beauty and purity of the Special Olympics, comparing them to professional sports. "The professional athlete doesn't really play the sport any more, but just goes out there to do his job and earn a living" he told Richard Seltenreich of the Yale Daily News. He praised his wife's dedication to expanding the lives of people with mental retardation through sports: "Through sports she brought out the best in others, giving them a friend and now a coach."

Quinn and Rainie quoted Shriver's nephew, Bobby Kennedy, who said, "She should have been president. She is the most impressive figure in the family. She has a carefully constructed set of values and she will not budge from them. She is highly principled in ways that are more sophisticated than anyone in the family. If you ask, most of my brothers, sisters, and cousins would say they'd like to be like her."

When a Toronto reporter asked Shriver how she felt about the athletes who take part in the games, she said, "I feel a sense of gratitude, a sense of admiration. I am very energized by them."

Further Reading

Cipriano, Robert, Readings in Special Olympics, Special Learning Corporation, 1980.

Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz, The Kennedys: An American Drama, Summit Books, 1984.

Davis, John H., The Kennedys: Dynasty and Disaster 1848-1983, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984.

Rainie, Harrison, and John Quinn, Growing Up Kennedy: The Third Wave Comes of Age, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1983.

Single, Doug, Skill, Courage, Sharing, Joy: The Stories of Special Olympics, Special Olympics International, 1992.

Who's Who of American Women, Marquis, 1998.

"Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver," The National Women's Hall of Fame, http://www.greatwomen.org/shriver.htm (March 2, 1999).

"Founding of the National Mental Retardation Research Centers," National Mental Retardation Research Centers, http://129.59.193.102/~bednar/about/mrfounding.html (March 2, 1999).

"Mission Statement," Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, http://www.shriver.org/mission.htm (March 2, 1999).

"Origins of Special Olympics," Special Olympics, http://www.paso.org/About/origins.htm (March 2, 1999).

"Shriver Lauds Special Olympics," Yale Daily News, http://www.cis.yale.edu/ydn/paper/4.6/4.6.95storyno.CE.html (March 2, 1999).

"Special Athletes," Oprah, http://www.oprah.com/scoop/archives/days/980722.html (March 2, 1999).

"Special Olympics History," Special Olympics, http://wpso.org/history.html (March 2, 1999).

"Welcome to Special Olympics," Special Olympics, http://www.specialolympics.org/welcome.html (March 2, 1999).

Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Zurab Tsereteli with Eunice Kennedy Shriver (right) (unknown date).
Born	Eunice Mary Kennedy July 10, 1921(1921-07-10) Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
Died	August 11, 2009 (aged 88) Hyannis, Massachusetts, United States
Resting place	St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church parish cemetery Centerville, Massachusetts, United States[1]
Alma mater	Stanford University
Political party	Democratic
Religious beliefs	Roman Catholic
Spouse(s)	Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. (1953–2009, her death)
Children	Robert Sargent Shriver III Maria Owings Shriver Timothy Perry Shriver Mark Kennedy Shriver Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver
Parents	Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Rose Kennedy (née Fitzgerald)
Relatives	see Kennedy family
Website eunicekennedyshriver.org

Eunice Kennedy Shriver DSG (July 10, 1921 – August 11, 2009)^[2] founded the precursor to the Special Olympics in 1962. In 1968, she helped Ann McGlone Burke popularize the Special Olympics movement across the U.S.

She was a member of the Kennedy family and actively campaigned for her elder brother, U.S. President John F. Kennedy, during his successful 1960 U.S. presidential election.

Her husband, Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr., is a former United States Ambassador to France, the founder of the Peace Corps, and was the Democratic vice-presidential candidate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election.

Their daughter, Maria Shriver, is married to actor and current California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Contents 1 Personal life and early career 2 Political career 3 Charity work and awards 4 Later years and death 4.1 Funeral and burial 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Personal life and early career

Born Eunice Mary Kennedy in Brookline, Massachusetts, she was the fifth of nine children of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald.

She was educated at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Roehampton, London, England; and Manhattanville College in Purchase, New York. After graduating from Stanford University with a Bachelor of Science degree in sociology in 1943,^[3] she worked for the Special War Problems Division of the U.S. State Department. She eventually moved to the U.S. Justice Department as executive secretary for a project dealing with juvenile delinquency. She served as a social worker at the Federal Industrial Institution for Women for one year before moving to Chicago in 1951 to work with the House of the Good Shepherd women's shelter and the Chicago Juvenile Court.^[4]

On May 23, 1953, she married Sargent Shriver in a Roman Catholic ceremony at Saint Patrick's Cathedral in New York City, New York.^[5] Her husband served as the U.S. Ambassador to France from 1968 to 1970 and was the 1972 Democratic U.S. Vice Presidential candidate (with George McGovern as the candidate for U.S. President).^[5] They had five children:

• Robert Sargent Shriver III (born April 28, 1954)
• Maria Owings Shriver (November 6, 1955)
• Timothy Perry Shriver (August 29, 1959)
• Mark Kennedy Shriver (February 17, 1964)
• Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver (July 20, 1965)

With her husband she had nineteen grandchildren, the second-most of any of the children of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Kennedy. (Her brother U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy had eleven children who have produced thirty-two grandchildren.)

As executive vice president of the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation in the 1950s, she shifted the organization's focus from Catholic charities to research on the causes of mental retardation and humane ways to treat it.^[6]. This interest eventually culminated in, among other things, the Special Olympics movement.

Upon the death of her sister, Rosemary Kennedy, on January 7, 2005, Shriver became the eldest of the four then-surviving children of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. Her sister, Patricia Kennedy Lawford, died on September 17, 2006, and her brother, U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy, on August 25, 2009, leaving her sister, former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith, as her only surviving sibling. ^[7]

Political career

Shriver actively campaigned for her elder brother, John, during his successful 1960 U.S. presidential election.

In 1968, she helped Burke nationalize the Special Olympics movement and is the only woman to have her portrait appear, during her lifetime, on a U.S. coin – the 1995 commemorative Special Olympics silver dollar.

Although Shriver was a Democrat, she was a vocal supporter of the pro-life movement. In 1990, Shriver wrote a letter to The New York Times denouncing the misuse of a quotation by President Kennedy used out of context by a pro-choice group.^[8] During Bill Clinton's 1992 Democratic U.S. presidential campaign, she was one of several prominent Democrats – including Governor Robert P. Casey of Pennsylvania, and Bishop Austin Vaughan of New York – who signed a letter to The New York Times protesting the Democratic Party's pro-choice plank in its platform. Shriver was a supporter of several pro-life organizations: Feminists for Life of America,^[9] the Susan B. Anthony List,^[10] and Democrats for Life of America.

A life-long Democrat, she supported her Republican son-in-law Schwarzenegger's successful 2003 Governor of California election.

On January 28, 2008, Shriver was present at American University in Washington, D.C., when her brother, U.S. Senator Edward M. Kennedy, announced his endorsement of Barack Obama's 2008 Democratic U.S. presidential campaign.^[11]

Charity work and awards

See also: List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

In 2008, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development was renamed in honor of Eunice Kennedy Shriver.

A longtime advocate for children's health and disability issues, Shriver was a key founder of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), a part of the National Institutes of Health, in 1962, and has also helped to establish numerous other health-care facilities and support networks throughout the country.

In 1982, Shriver founded the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center for Community of Caring at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. The Community of Caring is a grades "K-12, whole school, comprehensive character education program with a focus on disabilities...[that] has been adopted by almost 1,200 schools nationwide and in Canada".^[12]

She was awarded the nation's highest civilian award, the (U.S.) Presidential Medal of Freedom, in 1984 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan, because of her work on behalf of those with mental retardation.^[13]

For her work in nationalizing the Special Olympics, Shriver received the Civitan International World Citizenship Award.^[14] Her advocacy on this issue has also earned her other awards and recognitions, including honorary degrees from numerous universities.^[15][16] She is the second American and only woman to appears on a US coin while still living. Her portrait is on the obverse of the 1995 commemorative silver dollar honoring the Special Olympics. On the reverse is the quotation, "As we hope for the best in them, hope is reborn in us."

Shriver received the 2002 Theodore Roosevelt Award (the Teddy)^[17], an annual award given by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to a graduate from an NCAA member institution who earned a varsity letter in college for participation in intercollegiate athletics, and who ultimately became a distinguished citizen of national reputation based on outstanding life accomplishment.

In addition to the Teddy recognition, she was selected in 2006 as part of the NCAA Centennial celebration as one of the 100 most-influential individuals in its first century; she was listed ninth.^[17]

Rare Halo Display: Portrait of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, David Lenz, 2009 / National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; commissioned as part of the First Prize, Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition 2006.

In 2006 she received a papal knighthood from Pope Benedict XVI being named a Dame of the Order of St. Gregory the Great. Her mother had been created a papal countess in 1950 by Pope Pius XII.^{[citation needed]}

In 2008, the U.S. Congress changed the NICHD’s name to the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. In December 2008, Sports Illustrated named her the first recipient of Sportsman of the Year Legacy Award.^[18]

On May 9, 2009, the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Gallery (NPG) in Washington, D.C., unveiled an historic portrait of her, the first portrait the NPG has ever commissioned of an individual who had not served as a U.S. President or First Lady. The portrait depicts her with four Special Olympics athletes (including Loretta Claiborne) and one Best Buddies participant. It was painted by David Lenz, the winner of the Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition in 2006. As part of the Portrait Competition prize, the NPG commissioned a work from the winning artist to depict a living subject for the collection. Lenz, whose son, Sam, has Down syndrome and is an enthusiastic Special Olympics athlete, was inspired by Shriver’s dedication to working with people with intellectual disabilities.

Shriver became involved with Dorothy Hamill's special skating program in the Special Olympics after Hamill's Olympics Games ice-skating win.

Later years and death

Shriver, who was believed to have suffered from Addison's disease,^[19] suffered a stroke and a broken hip in 2005, and on November 18, 2007, she was admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, where she spent several weeks.^[20][21]

On August 7, 2009, she was admitted to Cape Cod Hospital in Hyannis, with an undisclosed ailment.^[22]

On August 10 her relatives were called to the hospital.^[23] Early the following morning, Shriver died at the hospital; she was 88 years old.^[2][24] No other Kennedy, with the exception of her mother, Rose, has lived longer.

Shriver's family issued a statement upon her death, reading in part,

"Inspired by her love of God, her devotion to her family, and her relentless belief in the dignity and worth of every human life, she worked without ceasing — searching, pushing, demanding, hoping for change. She was a living prayer, a living advocate, a living center of power. She set out to change the world and to change us, and she did that and more. She founded the movement that became Special Olympics, the largest movement for acceptance and inclusion for people with intellectual disabilities in the history of the world. Her work transformed the lives of hundreds of millions of people across the globe, and they in turn are her living legacy."^[25]

Funeral and burial

On August 14, 2009, an invitation-only Requiem Mass was celebrated for Shriver at St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church in Hyannis. Following the Requiem Mass, she was buried at the St. Francis Xavier parish cemetery in nearby Centerville.^[1] Pope Benedict XVI sent a letter of condolence to her family.^[26] Because of his ill health, her brother Ted did not attend the funeral,^[27] and their sister Jean stayed with him. He died two weeks later.^[27][7]

See also

• Kennedy family
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
• Special Olympics

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Staff writer (August 14, 2009). "Special Olympians, Family Celebrate Eunice Kennedy Shriver". The Associated Press (at WJAR television's website turnto10.com). Accessed August 16, 2000.
2. ^ ^{a b} Grinberg, Emanuella (undated). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver dies". Edition.cnn.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/08/11/eunice.kennedy.shriver/. Retrieved August 11, 2009. 
3. ^ Smith, J.Y. (August 11, 2009). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver, Founder of Special Olympics, Dies at 88" The Washington Post. Accessed August 11, 2009.
4. ^ Baranauckas, Carla (August 12, 2009). "Eunice Shriver, Founder of Special Olympics, Dies". The New York Times. (website registration required)
5. ^ ^{a b} Archives. R(obert) "Sargent Shriver: An Inventory of His Personal Papers, 1948–1976, Papers (#214) – J" John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum, John F. Kennedy Library National Archives and Records Administration
6. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/11/AR2009081100689.html
7. ^ ^{a b} Staff writer. "Ted Kennedy Dies of Brain Cancer at Age 77 — 'Liberal Lion' of the Senate Led Storied Political Family After Deaths of President John F. Kennedy, Sen. Robert F. Kennedy". ABC News. Accessed August 26, 2009.
8. ^ Biofiles: Eunice Kennedy Shriver [1] accessed August 11, 2009
9. ^ Shriver, Eunice Kennedy, "Remarkable Pro-Life Women" (PDF format) The American Feminist, The Quarterly Magazine of Feminists for Life of America, Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 1998–1999, p. 18. Accessed May 28, 2008.
10. ^ Susan B. Anthony List, Notable Names Database. Accessed May 28, 2008.
11. ^ Alexander, Amy, "A Torch Passed", The Nation, January 28, 2008. Accessed August 11, 2009.
12. ^ "About Community of Caring". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center for Community of Caring. Undated. Accessed August 14, 2009.
13. ^ "Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom", Archives – Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, administered by the National Archives and Records Administration. March 26, 1984. Accessed May 28, 2008.
14. ^ Armbrester, Margaret E. (1992). The Civitan Story. Birmingham, AL: Ebsco Media. pp. 95. 
15. ^ "Eunice Kennedy Shriver – Doctor of Public Service" The Shriver Center, The University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Accessed May 28, 2008.
16. ^ "Eunice Kennedy Shriver". Special Olympics. archive.org. http://web.archive.org/web/20080128184416/http://www.specialolympics.org/Special+Olympics+Public+Website/English/About_Us/Leaders/Mrs.+Shriver+Bio.htm. Retrieved August 12, 2009. 
17. ^ ^{a b} Staff writer (August 11, 2009). "2002 Teddy winner Shriver dies at 88". NCAA News (at the National Collegiate Athletic Association). Accessed August 15, 2009.
18. ^ Eunice Kennedy Shriver's legacy lives on with Special Olympics
19. ^ Dallek, Robert (2003). An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963. London: Penguin Books. pp. 105, 731. ISBN 978-0141015354. 
20. ^ "Eunice Kennedy Shriver Hospitalized". Associated Press (washingtonpost.com). November 25, 2007. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/25/AR2007112500627_pf.html. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
21. ^ Beggy, Carol and Mark Shanahan, "She's loyal to father's 'Ideal'", The Boston Globe, January 14, 2008. Accessed August 11, 2009
22. ^ McGreevy, Patrick. "Schwarzenegger, Maria Shriver at Eunice Shriver's bedside", Los Angeles Times. August 7, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
23. ^ Staff writer (August 11, 2009). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver's relatives called to hospital". CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/08/10/eunice.kennedy.shriver/index.html. Retrieved August 11, 2009. 
24. ^ Allen, Mike (August 11, 2009). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver dies". Politico.Com. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0809/26007.html. Retrieved August 11, 2009. 
25. ^ "Statement from The Shriver Family". Eunice Kennedy Shriver's website. 2009-08-11. http://www.eunicekennedyshriver.org/articles/article/171. Retrieved 2009-08-11. 
26. ^ "Pope's Letter to Kennedy-Shriver Family". http://www.zenit.org/article-26630?l=english. Retrieved 2009-08-20. 
27. ^ ^{a b} McMullen, Troy (August 26, 2009). "The Last Kennedy — Death of Ted Kennedy Leaves One Surviving Child of Joseph and Rose Kennedy". ABC News. Accessed August 26, 2009.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Eunice Kennedy Shriver

• eunicekennedyshriver.org, Shriver's official website
• "Statement from The Shriver Family", (August 11, 2009) on Shriver's official website
• Shriver, Maria (August 14, 2009). Transcript. "Maria Shriver's Eulogy of Her Mother", The Boston Globe. Accessed August 31, 2009.
• "Statement from the President on the Passing Of Eunice Kennedy Shriver", (August 11, 2009) on the White House's website
• Staff writer (undated). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver", obituary by The Associated Press (at The Boston Globe)
• Staff writer (August 11, 2009). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver", obituary at The Daily Telegraph
• "Special Olympians, Family Celebrate Eunice Kennedy Shriver", article on funeral and burial by The Associated Press (at WJAR television's website turnto10.com)
• Eunice Kennedy Shriver at the Internet Movie Database
• specialolympics.org, Special Olympics's official website
• communityofcaring.org, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center for Community of Caring's official website
• Shapiro, Joseph, Eunice Kennedy Shriver's Olympic Legacy, (April 5, 2007) Morning Edition on National Public Radio's website (includes podcast as well as text)
• Coin of the Month, U.S. Mint "Coin of the Month" page (geared for children) on the 1995 Special Olympics Commemorative Silver Dollar
• Eunice Kennedy Shriver at Find a Grave
• The African Activist Archive Project has a September 1960 photograph of Eunice Kennedy Shriver representing the Joseph P. Kennedy Foundation at a welcoming program for students from East Africa. Earlier in 1960 the Kennedy Foundation gave $100,000 to support the African American Students Foundation. As a result, in 1960 three planes were chartered bringing 222 students from east and central Africa to the United States to study.

Awards and achievements
Preceded by William Cohen	Theodore Roosevelt Award (NCAA) 2002	Succeeded by Donna de Varona

v • d • e Special Olympics World Games Summer 1968 · 1970 · 1972 · 1975 · 1979 · 1983 · 1987 · 1991 · 1995 · 1999 · 2003 · 2007 · 2011 Winter 1977 · 1981 · 1985 · 1989 · 1993 · 1997 · 2001 · 2005 · 2009 · 2013 Countries Canada · Estonia · Great Britain · México · United States Others Flame of Hope · Law Enforcement Torch Run · A Very Special Christmas Key figures Eunice Kennedy Shriver · Anne McGlone Burke · Sargent Shriver · Timothy Shriver · Loretta Claiborne

v • d • e Kennedy family Ancestors of Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr. (1888–1969) James Kennedy and Maria Kennedy parents of --- Patrick Kennedy (m.) Bridget Murphy parents of ------ P. J. Kennedy (m.) Mary Augusta Hickey parents of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald (1890–1995) Philip and Mary Cox • Thomas Fitzgerald and Rosanna Cox • Michael Hannon and Mary Ann Fitzgerald • John Francis "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald (m.) Mary Josephine Hannon parents of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Children of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (in birth order) Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Jr. • John Fitzgerald Kennedy (m.) Jacqueline Lee Bouvier • Rose Marie "Rosemary" Kennedy • Kathleen Agnes Kennedy (m.) William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington • Eunice Mary Kennedy (m.) Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. • Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) Peter Lawford • Robert Francis Kennedy (m.) Ethel Skakel • Jean Ann Kennedy (m.) Stephen Edward Smith • Edward Moore Kennedy (m./div. 1st) Virginia Joan Bennett; (m. 2nd) Victoria Anne Reggie Descendants (all in birth order) Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Jr. (1915–1944) None John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963) Arabella Kennedy • Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (m.) Edwin Arthur Schlossberg • John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Jr. (m.) Carolyn Jeanne Bessette • Patrick Bouvier Kennedy Rose Marie Kennedy (1918–2005) None Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (1920–1948) None Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921–2009) Robert Sargent Shriver III (m.) Malissa Feruzzi • Maria Owings Shriver (m.) Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger • Timothy Perry Shriver (m.) Linda Potter • Mark Kennedy Shriver (m.) Jeannie Eileen Ripp • Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver (m.) Alina Mojica Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924–2006) Christopher Kennedy Lawford • Sydney Maleia Kennedy Lawford • Victoria Francis Lawford • Robin Elizabeth Lawford Robert Francis Kennedy (1925–1968) Kathleen Hartington Kennedy (m.) David Lee Townsend • Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (m./div. 1st) Sheila Brewster Rauch; (m. 2nd) Anne Elizabeth "Beth" Kelly • Robert Francis Kennedy, Jr. (m./div. 1st) Emily Ruth Black (m. 2nd) Mary Richardson • David Anthony Kennedy • Mary Courtney Kennedy (m/div. 1st) Jeffrey Robert Ruhe; (m./sep. 2nd) Paul Michael Hill • Michael LeMoyne Kennedy (m.) Victoria Denise Gifford • Mary Kerry Kennedy (m./div.) Andrew Mark Cuomo • Christopher George Kennedy (m.) Sheila Sinclair Berner • Matthew Maxwell Taylor Kennedy (m.) Victoria Anne Strauss • Douglas Harriman Kennedy (m.) Molly Elizabeth Stark • Rory Elizabeth Katherine Kennedy (m.) Mark Bailey Jean Kennedy Smith (born 1928) Stephen Edward Smith, Jr. • William Kennedy Smith • Amanda Mary Smith • Kym Maria Smith Edward Moore Kennedy (1932–2009) Kara Anne Kennedy (m.) Michael Allen • Edward Moore Kennedy, Jr. (m.) Katherine Anne "Kiki" Gershman • Patrick Joseph Kennedy m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated. See also: The Kennedy Curse • The Kennedy Compound • Hickory Hill • The Merchandise Mart • Descendants • Political line

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