manifest

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adj.

Clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious. See synonyms at apparent.

tr.v., -fest·ed, -fest·ing, -fests.

1. To show or demonstrate plainly; reveal: “Mercedes . . . manifested the chaotic abandonment of hysteria” (Jack London).
2. To be evidence of; prove.
3. 1. To record in a ship's manifest.
   2. To display or present a manifest of (cargo).

n.

1. A list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane.
2. An invoice of goods carried on a truck or train.
3. A list of railroad cars according to owner and location.

[Middle English manifeste, from Old French, from Latin manufestus, manifestus, caught in the act, blatant, obvious.]

manifestly man'i·fest'ly adv.

Detailed statement of the contents put on a ship or other vehicle. A copy of the manifest is put in a safe place so that the exact cargo is known, even in the event the vessel is destroyed. A copy of a ship's manifest is kept on board for cargo identification purposes in the event of a search.

adjective

Readily seen, perceived, or understood: apparent, clear, clear-cut, crystal clear, distinct, evident, noticeable, observable, obvious, patent, plain, pronounced, visible. See see/not see.

verb

1. To make manifest or apparent: demonstrate, display, evidence, evince, exhibit, proclaim, reveal, show. See show/hide.
2. To give expression to, as by gestures, facial aspects, or bodily posture: communicate, convey, display, express. See show/hide.
3. To represent (an abstraction, for example) in or as if in bodily form: body forth, embody, exteriorize, externalize, incarnate, materialize, objectify, personalize, personify, substantiate. See substitute.

adj

Definition: clear, obvious
Antonyms: ambiguous, concealed, hidden, obscure, secret, unclear, vague

v

Definition: exhibit, make plain
Antonyms: bury, conceal, cover, hide, obscure, withhold

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n. 1. a document giving comprehensive details of a ship and its cargo and other contents, passengers, and crew for the use of customs officers.

2. a list of passengers or cargo in an aircraft.

3. a list of the cars forming a freight train.

v.

record in such a manifest: every passenger is manifested at the point of departure.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Manifest content is the narrative that the dreamer tells about his or her dream. In contemporary usage, the criterion manifest is also applied to other types of verbal production and to behaviors. Sigmund Freud contrasted manifest content to the latent dream thoughts brought out by psychoanalytic interpretation.

The Freudian theory of dreams "is not based on a consideration of the manifest content of dreams but refers to the thoughts which are shown by the work of interpretation to lie behind dreams" wrote Freud in The Interpretation of Dreams (1900a, p. 135).

Manifest and latent are notions by the "dream work." During sleep, wishes linked to childhood events, normally repressed, are actualized owing to the relaxation of censorship. Dreaming requires, however, that "selfish," sexual, sadistic, or incestuous wishes be transformed. The dream fulfills these wishes ("latent thoughts," "latent contents," "dream thoughts"); only if they are modified, distorted, and/or transformed in their expression, which is the manifest dream. But the manifest dream is also a product of the effects of certain events of the previous day (day's residues) or of bodily sensations on the unconscious. The manifest dream results from a combination of the day's residues, bodily sensations, and latent dream-thoughts. The regression to archaic forms of thought provoked by sleep entails the repression and transformation of the latent thoughts. A secondary revision, which gives the dream a certain coherence, then seconds to these transformations. What is manifest may therefore function as a "façade" or "trompe-l'oeil."

Interpretation of the manifest dream entails following the path of the dream work in reverse and, by tracking associations and uncovering the latent thoughts, although Freud stressed that there were limits to the interpretation of dreams (see his discussion of the "dream's navel," 1900a, p. 525).

Over time, the opposition between manifest and latent posited by Freud in his earliest works was reconsidered. However, he continued to refer to it even as late as his "Outline of Psycho-Analysis" (1940a [1938]), as a means of understanding and working out dreams.

The exigencies of the second topography (or structural model), with its complex picture of the mental agencies (the ego being deeply rooted in the id) made the opposition between manifest and latent more difficult in relation to dreams. The dream became one form of material among others, caught up in the movements of transference and resistance. The analyst's goal was no longer conceived as the revelation of what was unconscious or rather as latent through the interpretation of dreams, but rather as development of the psychoanalytic process. Manifest and latent were seen as interpenetrating instead of radical opposites. The manifest could therefore be treated, much like the latent, in the work of the session.

The initial importance assigned in the theory of dreams to the manifest, making it as important, in fact, as the latent, was reduced: Analytical treatment came to focus on the dynamics of the latent psychic functioning of the analyst and the analysand. Dreams were also considered in their totality, as a space of projection/protection, and as a mode of expression for the dreamer in their very nonsense (Jean-Claude Lavie)—simply another mode for apprehension of the manifest.

In the treatment, behaviors (attitude, gestures, somatization) are manifest forms of a latent mode of psychic functioning in the patient. But because they are outside the patient's consciousness and verbalization, they elude the process of working over. They can be related to early modes of psychic functioning, when the dynamics of the one remained indistinctly linked to the primal other. The mechanisms involved are thus splitting, repetition, and reversal into the opposite.

The nonverbal manifest and the latent it conceals can be discovered by the patient, notably in situations where bonds of identification and transference are developed by means other than those used in treatment, and where expressiveness through the body, actions, and attitudes emerges in situations such as analytic role-playing and/or small-group situations with analysts.

Bibliography

Freud, Sigmund. (1900a). The interpretation of dreams. SE, 4-5: 1-625.

——. (1940a [1938]). An outline of psycho-analysis. SE, 23: 139-207.

Lavie, Jean-Claude. (1972). Parlerà l'analyste. Nouvelle Revue de psychanalyse, 5, 287-298.

—ANDRÉ MISSENARD

(DOD) A document specifying in detail the passengers or items carried for a specific destination.

IN BRIEF: n. - A customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane v. - Reveal its presence or make an appearance; Provide evidence for; Record in a ship's document adj. - Clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment.

Tutor's tip: They "manifest" (clearly apparent to the sight or understanding) their support for the rebel's "manifesto" (a public declaration, especially of a political nature) with loud cheers.

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
adj. - klar, tydelig, (selv)indlysende
v. tr. - vise, lægge for dagen, tilkendegive, ytre, manifestere
v. intr. - vise sig, komme til syne, blive tydeligere

idioms:

• manifest destiny    1900-tals doktrin om USAs ret og pligt til at udvide sit territorium

2.
n. - toldmanifest, ladningsfortegnelse, passagerliste
v. tr. - opføre, notere, indskrive

Nederlands (Dutch)
vertonen, verschijnen, op een ladingbrief noteren, manifest, passagiers-/ vrachtlijst, manifestatie, zichtbaar, duidelijk

Français (French)
1.
adj. - manifeste, évident
v. tr. - manifester, faire voir, montrer clairement
v. intr. - se manifester, présenter

idioms:

• manifest destiny    (US, Hist) destinée manifeste

2.
n. - (Aviat, Naut) manifeste
v. tr. - inscrire/porter (les noms) sur un manifeste

Deutsch (German)
1.
adj. - offenkundig, sichtlich
v. - zeigen, bekunden

idioms:

• manifest destiny    Überzeugung, daß ganz N.Amerika d. USA v. Gott zusteht

2.
n. - Ladungsmanifest
v. - im Ladungsverzeichnis aufführen

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - εκδηλώνω/-ομαι, φανερώνω/-ομαι, επιδεικνύω, δείχνω καθαρά
adj. - έκδηλος, πρόδηλος
n. - δηλωτικό φορτίου πλοίου, κατάλογος επιβατών (αεροπλάνου κ.λπ.)

idioms:

• manifest destiny    επιταγή της μοίρας

Italiano (Italian)
manifestare, palese

idioms:

• manifest destiny    destino palese

Português (Portuguese)
v. - manifestar, revelar, registrar carga em manifesto
adj. - manifesto
n. - manifesto de carga (m)

idioms:

• manifest destiny    doutrina política americana do séc. XIX (f)

Русский (Russian)
делать очевидным, доказывать, обнародовать, манифест, очевидный

idioms:

• manifest destiny    неизбежность распространения влияния США до Тихого океана (19 век)

Español (Spanish)
1.
adj. - evidente, patente
v. tr. - declarar, exponer
v. intr. - hacer una manifestación, tomar parte en una manifestación, aparecer (un espíritu)

idioms:

• manifest destiny    destino manifiesto

2.
n. - manifiesto
v. tr. - manifestar, registrar en un manifiesto

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - bevisa, manifestera, föra upp på gods el. passagerarlista, demonstrera
adj. - påtaglig, manifest
n. - godslista, passagerarlista (flyg.)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
显然的, 明白的, 表明, 证明, 表现, 载货单, 旅客名单

idioms:

• manifest destiny    命运说, 天定命定论, 帝国主义扩张说

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 顯然的, 明白的
v. tr. - 表明, 證明, 表現
n. - 載貨單, 旅客名單

idioms:

• manifest destiny    命運說, 天定命定論, 帝國主義擴張說

한국어 (Korean)
1.
adj. - 분명한, 의식이 있는
v. tr. - 분명히 하다, 입증하다, (감정을) 나타내다
v. intr. - 의견을 표명하다, 유령이 나타나다

2.
n. - 승객명단
v. tr. - (승객명단을) 작성하다

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 明白な, はっきりした
v. - 明らかにする, 表明する, はっきり示す, 現れる
n. - 積み荷目録, 乗客名簿

idioms:

• manifest destiny    自明の運命, 領土拡張説

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) يظهر, يبين (صفه) بائن, ظاهر, جلي (الاسم) كشف بحموله باخرة أو شاحنه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮ברור, גלוי‬
v. tr. - ‮גילה, הפגין, הראה, הוכיח, העיד על‬
v. intr. - ‮נגלה, הופיעה (רוח-רפאים)‬
n. - ‮רשימת מטענים, רשימת הנוסעים במטוס‬
v. tr. - ‮רשם (נוסעים, מטענים)‬

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ask and it is given learning to manifest your desires