In the United States, each state chooses its own flag, symbolic bird, official state flower, and many other symbols that represent the state. While not every state has a state
… bug, each of the fifty states has a state motto: an official saying to encapsulate the state's values. In fact, some states have two. The mottoes are expressed in eight different languages, from the Chinook of Washington's ("Al-ki" which means "By and By") to California's motto of Greek origin ("Eureka" or "I have found it") to of course, English. They also cover a variety of sentiments, but in general, they fall into a few broad categories.The most common sentiment expressed by state mottoes is that of independence. The earlier states, especially, chose mottoes tied to military roots. For instance, New Hampshire's motto is "Live free or die," and Virginia's is "Thus always to tyrants." These mottoes had similar military themes because they were all chosen early in the history of the nation, when the colonies were breaking away from the tyranny of England's monarch and creating independent states. Other state mottoes that included the same sentiment West Virginia's "Mountaineers are always free," Alabama's "We dare defend our rights," and Massachusetts' "By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty." Some of the southern state mottoes likely have roots in the Confederacy. Some states put it simply: "Liberty and independence" (Delaware), "Virtue, liberty and independence" (Pennsylvania), and "Liberty and Prosperity" (New Jersey). Iowa takes a different tack with a much longer state motto, "Our liberties we prize, and our rights we will maintain." A related sentiment used in mottoes is patriotism, which, again, is not surprising for newly formed states in a young country. Some examples of patriotic state mottoes are "All for our country" (Nevada), "United we stand, divided we fall" (Kentucky), and "Freedom and unity" (Vermont). One of the more poetic expressions of the "independence and patriotism" theme is North Dakota's state motto: "Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable."Many states chose a motto that reflects a hopeful perspective. In fact, Rhode Island's state motto is simply "Hope." Others have more complex sayings, such as "To the stars through difficulty" (Kansas) and "While I breathe, I hope" (South Carolina). New York's "Excelsior" is another hope-inspiring motto, since it translates from Latin to "ever upward." Idaho chose "Let it be perpetual," and Alaska's sentiment is focused on aspirations: "North to the future." One more in this category is another one-word motto, this time from Wisconsin: "Forward."Since the US is a democratic nation, a number of mottoes focus on the importance of democracy. While democracy was an important quality in the formation of the country, it may be surprising to you that it shows up the mottoes of numerous states that weren't among the 13 original colonies. For example, Missouri's state motto is "Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law," and Arkansas chose "The people rule." Other democratic mottoes include Wyoming's ("Equal rights") and Nebraska's ("Equality before the law"). Another motto that embraces the concept of democracy, though it places is beneath a deity, is South Dakota's motto: "Under God, the people rule."South Dakota wasn't the only state that chose to put a reference to God or to the importance of giving thanks to God in the state motto. In fact, Florida's motto, "In God we trust," was later adopted as the official motto of the United States. Other religious-themed state mottoes include "Let us be grateful to God" (Kentucky), "God enriches" (Arizona), "Nothing without the deity" (Colorado), and "With God, all things are possible" (Ohio).Reflecting the industrious spirit of America, several states chose mottoes praising the virtue of hard work. Oklahoma's state motto claims that "Labor conquers all things," while South Carolina's second motto is "Ready in soul and resource." Tennessee keeps it simple with the state motto "Agriculture and Commerce," and Utah cuts it down to just one word, "Industry." North Dakota combines the importance of hard work with another common theme, that of looking toward the future: "One sows for the benefit of another age." Finally, Connecticut takes it a step further by reminding us of the origin of America with "He who is transplanted still sustains."The final category of state mottoes exemplify what is unique about the state, as a form of advertisement or self-promotion. Minnesota's "The star of the North" is a prime example of this type of motto, as is Indiana's "The crossroads of America." Michigan has another state motto in this category with "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you." Finally, Montana chose "Oro y plata," which means gold and silver, likely a way to entice settlers to move to the state.While the state mottoes reflect the varied and diverse nature of the fifty states, some common threads run throughout the collection. In general, these common themes incorporate characteristics and virtues that Americans value, such as the importance of liberty, democracy, patriotism, devotion to God, and hard work. Of course, many state mottoes incorporate more than one category, combining several major themes into one saying. In the end, the choice of a state motto reflects the way that state sees itself in the context of the entire country.Oregon's state motto was changed in 1957 to "The Union." However, it was restored to the original "Alis volat propriis," or "She flies with her own wings," in 1987. (MORE)