Shanghai Metro

Shanghai Metro
Info
Owner	Shanghai Shentong Metro Group
Locale	Shanghai, China
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	8
Number of stations	170
Daily ridership	3.065 million daily [1]
Operation
Began operation	1995
Operator(s)	Shanghai No.1-No.4 Metro Operation Company (4 Companies has the similar name)
Technical
System length	250.2 km (155.5 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge)

Shanghai Metro
Traditional Chinese	上海軌道交通
Simplified Chinese	上海轨道交通
Literal meaning	Shanghai Rail Transit
Transliterations Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Shànghǎi Gǔidào Jiāotōng - Wade–Giles Shang4-hai3 Kui3-tao4 Chiao1-t'ung1 Wu - Romanization zɑ̃˨ he˦ kue˧ dɔ˥ tɕiɔ˨ tʰoŋ˨

The Shanghai Metro (also officially known as the Shanghai Rail Transit) is the urban rapid transit system of China's largest city, Shanghai. The system incorporates both subway (地铁) and light railway (轻轨) lines. It opened in 1995, making Shanghai the third city in Mainland China, after Beijing and Tianjin, to have a subway. Since then, the Shanghai Metro has become one of the newest and fastest-growing rapid transit systems in the world. Today, there are eight metro lines, 170 stations and 250 km of tracks in operation, making it the longest network in China, exceeding even the Hong Kong MTR. Daily ridership averaged 3.065 million in 2008 and set a record of 4.307 million on December 31, 2008.^[1]

The system is still growing, more new lines and extensions are under construction, and plans through 2020 project a system comprising 20 routes and 877 km length. The latest major additions came on December 29, 2007, when lines 6, 8 and 9 along with the extension to lines 1^[2] and 4^[3] entered into operation at the same time, with a ceremony at the newly-built interchange hall of People's Square.^[4][5], and the latest new line or extension is the South Extension of Line 8, which began public use in July, 2009. Eight more lines or line extensions will be in service before Expo 2010.

Contents 1 Lines 1.1 Map of Shanghai Metro 1.2 Interchanges 1.2.1 Physical Interchange Stations 1.2.2 Virtual Interchange Stations 2 Ticket system 2.1 Fares 2.2 Single-Ride Ticket 2.3 Transit Card 3 Stations of note 4 Retail 5 Criticism 6 Technology 6.1 General line 6.2 Stations 6.3 Rolling Stock 6.4 Power Supply 6.5 Passenger Information Systems 7 Operators 8 Future expansion 8.1 Planned unified numbering system 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Lines

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Line	Terminals	Opened	Newest Extension	Length	Stations
1	Fujin Road - Xinzhuang	1995	2007	38.1 km	28
2	Songhong Road - Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park	1999	2006	26.0 km	17
3	North Jiangyang Road - Shanghai South Railway Station	2000	2006	40.3 km	29
4	Loop line beginning at Yishan Road	2005	2007	34.2 km	26
5	Xinzhuang - Minhang Development Zone	2003	2003	17.2 km	11
6	Gangcheng Road - South Lingyan Road	2007	2007	31.5 km	27
8	Shiguang Road - Aerospace Museum	2007	2009	37.5 km	28
9	Songjiang Xincheng - Yishan Road	2007	2008	31.0 km	13
Total:				255.8 km	163

Map of Shanghai Metro

Interchanges

There are two types of interchange stations: physical interchange and virtual interchange stations. In a physical interchange station, passengers can transfer between subway lines without exiting a fare zone. In a virtual interchange station, however, passengers have to exit and re-enter fare zones as they transfer from one subway line to another. In order to receive a discounted fare, passengers must use a Shanghai Public Transportation Card (SPTC) instead of Single-Ride tickets.

Physical Interchange Stations

Below is a list of physical interchange stations.

• Xinzhuang is an interchange between Line 1 and Line 5.
• Shanghai South Railway Station is an interchange between Line 1 and Line 3.
• Shanghai Indoor Stadium is an interchange between Line 1 and Line 4.
• People's Square is an interchange between Line 1, Shanghai Metro, Line 2 and Line 8.
• Shanghai Railway Station is an interchange between Line 3 and Line 4.
• Zhongshan Park is an interchange between Line 2, Line 3 and Line 4.
• Century Avenue is an interchange between Line 2, Line 4 and Line 6.
• Baoshan Road, Zhongtan Road, Zhenping Road, Caoyang Road, Jinshajiang Road, Yan'an Road (West), and Hongqiao Road are interchanges between Line 3 and Line 4. This is where the two lines overlap together one one route between Baoshan Road and Hongqiao Road.
• Lancun Road is an interchange between Line 4 and Line 6. To the north, Line 4 and Line 6 both stop at Pudian Road, but these two stations are not located together and interchanging is not possible.
• Xizang Road (South) is an interchange between Line 4 and Line 8.
• Yishan Road is an interchange between Line 3 and Line 9.

Virtual Interchange Stations

On June 1, 2008, Shanghai Metro began using a new interchange ticketing system for virtual interchanges. Passengers using a Shanghai Public Transportation Card will receive discounted transfer fares at three virtual interchange stations. Before, passengers had to purchase new tickets in order to use another metro line if no physical interchange was available. In contrast, passengers usually use one single-ride ticket to interchange between different metro lines where physical interchange stations are available and receive fares based on accumulated distance. Under this new scheme, passengers using a Shanghai Public Transportation Card will pay the same fare to transfer at a virtual interchange station as they would at a physical interchange based on accumulated distance. However, a passenger must exit a station and re-enter another within 30 minutes by using the same Shanghai Public Transportation Card, otherwise no special transfer fares will be applied.

This system is currently temporary, and after the interchange connections within these stations are completed, the stations will become physical interchange stations.^{[citation needed]}

• Shanghai Railway Station is a virtual interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3 or Line 4, but passengers do not need to re-enter if they transfer between Line 3 and Line 4.
• Hongkou Stadium is a virtual interchange station between Line 3 and Line 8.
• Yishan Road is a virtual interchange station between Line 4 and Line 3, Line 4 and Line 9. Travellers using a Single-Ride Ticket can also transfer to Line 4 from Lines 3 or 9 by taking a Line 3 train to Hongqiao Road station.

Ticket system

Like many other metro systems in the world, Shanghai Metro is using a distance-based fare system. As of September 15, 2005, after Shanghai Municipal Government raised the price, fares range from 3 yuan for journeys under 6 km, to 8 yuan for journeys over 46 km.

As of December 25, 2005, Shanghai uses a "one-ticket network", which means that interchanging is possible between all interchange stations without the purchase of another ticket where available. In the event of riding beyond the value of your ticket, you may pay the difference at a Service Center near the main turnstiles.

Since June 1, 2008, users of the Shanghai Public Transportation Card can interchange at Shanghai Railway Station, Yishan Road and Hongkou Stadium without paying another base fare. (see section on virtual interchange stations above).

Fares

• For most lines, the base fare is 3 yuan (US$0.45) for journeys under 6 km, then 1 yuan for each additional 10 km. As of April, 2008, the highest fare is 9 yuan (US$1.30).
• For journeys exclusively on Line 5 (Xinzhuang - Minhang Development Zone), the fare is 2 yuan for journeys under 6 km and all other journeys are 3 yuan (though the total length of this line is a bit longer than 16 km).
• Users of the Shanghai Public Transportation Card get a 10% discount for the rest of the calendar month after paying 70 yuan. The discount is applied only for journeys after 70 yuan; it is not retroactively applied to previous journeys.
• Users of the Shanghai Public Transportation Card as part of the "Air-conditioned Bus Transfer Discount" get a 1 yuan discount when transferring to the metro within 90 minutes. (The 10% monthly discount may be applied after the transfer discount) This discount also applies for bus->Metro and bus<->bus transfers and can accumulate over multiple transfers. For example- to get from Zhenbei Rd/Meichuan Rd to Xiuyan Rd/Hunan Rd would normally cost 8 yuan each way (947 bus->line 4->451 bus) but only costs 6 RMB with the card (947 bus-(discount applied)>line 4-(discount applied)>451 bus). Depending on the time spent at the destination the discount will be applied at the start of the return trip as well, making the cost of a round-trip 11 yuan over the 16 yuan that would normally be charged without the card.
• Seniors over 70 years of age can take the metro for free (except during rush hours, 7-9am and 5-7pm on weekdays) by using their social security cards (also RFID-embedded) at a special turnstile at each metro station.

Single-Ride Ticket

Single-ride tickets can be purchased from ticket vending machines or at a ticket window. Some new stations only have ticket vending machines available. Single-ride tickets are embedded with RFID contactless chips. When entering the system you tap the ticket against a scanner above the turnstile, and on exit you insert the ticket into a slot where it is stored and recycled. Single-Ride Ticket is the only ticket-form used in Shanghai Metro, no Round-Trip, Day Pass or Excursion Pass are available so far.

Transit Card

In addition to a Single-Ride ticket, fare can be paid using a Shanghai Public Transportation Card. This RFID-embedded card can be purchased at selected banks, convenience stores and metro stations with a 20-yuan deposit. This card can be loaded at ticket booths, Service Centers at the metro stations as well as many small convenience stores and banks throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus.

This transit card is similar to the Chicago card of the CTA, the SmarTrip of the Washington Metro, TransLink in San Francisco Bay Area and the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR.

Stations of note

The busiest station in Shanghai Metro system is People's Square station (Line 1, Line 2, Line 8). As the interchange station for three lines, it is extremely crowded during peak hours. It remains busy during the rest of the day as it is located near major shopping and tourist destinations such as Nanjing Road (E.) Pedestrian Street as well as the Shanghai Museum, People's Park, the Shanghai Grand Theatre and Yan'an Park on People's Square. It has the most (17) exits.

Xujiahui station (Line 1) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's fourteen exits (eight of which are closed off in preparation for linking with line 9), the second largest number of exits among any Shanghai Metro station. This station is also widely used as a pedistrian tunnel across the wide roads.

Lujiazui station (Line 2) is the major station in Pudong area. It is situated in the heart of Lujiazui financial district, the financial center of Shanghai. The city's iconic landmarks, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Jin Mao Tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre are all within walking distance of the station. In contrast to Xujiahui and People's Square, Lujiazui is not particularly busy during off-peak hours or at weekends as it is located in financial district of Shanghai.

Shanghai Railway Station (Line 1, Line 3 and Line 4) is a major transportation hub in Shanghai, containing the railway station, two subway lines and the stop for many city bus lines as well as interprovincial buses. These bus lines will soon be housed in a brand-new bus station. The line 1 platform is in the South square while platforms for line 3/4 are in the North square. These two platforms are technically separate stations, so interchange is only possible between lines 3/4. A transfer to the line 1 platform requires a SPTC or a new ticket.

Zhongshan Park Station (Line 2, Line 3 and Line 4) is no longer the western terminus of Line 2, but remains a heavily trafficked station due to the large shopping malls and hotel immediately above it.

Century Avenue Station (Line 2, Line 4, and Line 6) is the largest interchange station in the Shanghai Metro system. It will be expanded further when the future Line 9 is extended to this station.

Retail

Nearly every Shanghai subway station houses retailing of some kind. Many are small kiosks selling a variety of telephony products such as telephone calling cards, mobile phone SIM cards, or new cellphones. Newsstands are also available in many stations. Snack shops and convenience stores have become popular, along with bookstores. ATMs can be found in most downtown stations and even some suburban ones. Almost all stations have stands to distribute free newspaper in every weekdays' morning, starting from 7:30.

Criticism

The subway during rush hours is extremely crowded. To deal with congestion and passenger safety, platform screen doors are now installed in many stations to act as barriers.

Some transfers between different lines are inconvenient. For example, stations that share the same name (such as Pudian Road) on different lines are often hundreds of meters apart. Transferring between different lines frequently requires walking through numerous tunnels.

In many stations, the retail section would appear to dominate the station concourse. The Xujiahui station houses dozens of stores, mostly selling women's and girls' clothing and shoes (now closed for reasons unknown, but most likely in preparation for the line 9 transfer). The result can be disorienting for casual visitors attempting to access the platforms. The only other stations with such a shopping selection are Shanghai Railway station (in the transfer corridor) and the Milan Plaza arcade in Zhongshan Park station.

The Metro operators have responded to some criticism. For example, in the People's Square station, the transfer corridor between two lines has been stripped of retail space and shortened to deal with congestion and reduce the hassle for commuters. Also, Xujiahui station concourse has also (as of February 2009) been stripped of retail space. Shops are still allowed in the exit corridors, however.

The Metro does not operate as late as those in most major cities. In most cases the last train is approximately 10:30pm (except for lines 1 and 2).

Many stations are not equipped for wheelchairs or strollers, and these may have to be carried along several flights of stairs. Several of the stations have elevators that do not work, and most do not have elevators at all.

In addition, some lines have poor air conditioning in the summer when it is crowded. This problem occurred on old Line 1 trains (Their services started in the year 1993) in 2008, and on almost all Line 5 trains in 2009. Two measures were applied at the same time: accelerating air-conditioner maintenance, and putting ice-filled buckets in cabs.

Also, on Line 6, the train is higher than the platform. This has caused a problem in 2007, making 7 people trip during a 1 week period.

Technology

General line

The standard gauge is used throughout the network, allowing new train equipment to be transported over the Chinese rail network which uses the same gauge.

Stations

Accessibility facilities for the disabled are available at all stations. Sliding acrylic glass safety doors exist on platforms on the newest Line 4 as well as Line 6, 8, and 9. These open as the train approaches and remain closed at other times. These screens are also being retrofitted on existing lines, starting with Line 1 whose core stations had doors by the end of 2006.

Rolling Stock

Cars used by the Metro system:

• 60 Bombardier Movia 456 six car sets - Line 1 and 5
• 37 German Shanghai Metro Group (GSMG) six cars units - Line 1 and 2
• 28 Alstom Metropolis six car sets - Line 3
• 168 Alstom Metropolis (19 eight car sets)
• 152 Alstom Metropolis (18 eight car sets)

For five-digit car-numbers, the first two digits represent the year of manufacture. For six-digit car numbers the first two digit represent the line on which it is assigned to operate.

Power Supply

In contrast to many other metro systems in the world, the Shanghai metro uses overhead wires for the power supply, probably due to its use of a 1500 volt DC system which is twice the voltage generally used for third rails.

On Line 2, Siemens Transportation Systems equipped the line with an overhead contact Line (cantilever material: galvanized steel) and 7 DC traction power supply substations.^[6]

Passenger Information Systems

Plasma screens on the platforms show passengers when the next two trains are coming (usually one every five minutes or less except on lines 6, 8, and 9 where intervals may be nearly 10 minutes even during peak times), along with advertisements and public service announcements. The subway cars contain LCD screens showing advertisements and on some lines, the next stop, while above-ground trains have LED screens showing the next stop. There are recorded messages stating the next stop in Mandarin and English, but the messages stating nearby attractions or shops for a given station (a form of paid advertising) are in Mandarin only. The paid advertising is being phased out.

Operators

Four companies operate the Shanghai Metro network. Each of them are subdivisions of Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co.,Ltd.

• Shanghai No.1 Metro Operation Co., Ltd. manages Lines 1, 5 and 9 and will also manage Line 10.
• Shanghai No.2 Metro Operation Co., Ltd. manages Line 2, and will do the same for Lines 11 and 13.
• Shanghai No.3 Metro Operation Co., Ltd. manages Lines 3 and 4 and will also manage Lines 7 and 21.
• Shanghai No.4 Metro Operation Co., Ltd. manages Lines 6 and 8 and will also manage Line 12.

Future expansion

The Shanghai Metro system is one of the fastest growing metro systems in the world. Many lines are under construction or planned to be constructed in the near future. After the completion of these lines, a uniform numbering system will be put in place. The length of the metro network will reach over 500 km in length in 2010. According to the latest report, by the end of 2020 the network will comprise 20 (or 22, since the South Part of Line 11 and North Part of Line 5 may use the names Line 21 and Line 22 respectively) lines spanning 877 km.

(This table is ordered by Planned Open Time)

Planned Open Date	Route	Name	Terminals		Length(km)	Stations	Status	Notes
By the end of 2009	■Line 7	1st Phase	Qihua Road	Huamu Road	35	28	Under Construction	[7]
	■Line 9	2nd Phase	Yishan Road	Yanggao Road (Central)	14.5	10	Under Construction
	■Line 11	Main Line of 1st Phase of North Part	Jiading North	Jiangsu Road	33.16	17	Under Construction
		Branch Line	Jiading New City	Anting	12.8	4	Under Construction
Before EXPO 2010	■Line 2	2nd Phase of West Extension	Songhong Road	Xujing	8	3	Under Construction	[7]
		East Extension	Longyang Road	Pudong International Airport	30.6	12	Under Construction
	■Line 7	North Extension	Qihua Road	Meilanhu	9.969	5	Under Construction
	■Line 10	Main Line	New Jiangwan City	Hongqiao Railway Station	36	28	Under Construction
		Branch Line	Longxi Road	Hanghua Xincun		3	Under Construction
	■Line 13	EXPO Section	Lupu Bridge	Changqing Road	4	3	Under Construction
By the end of 2012	■Line 6	Jiyang Road Section	Lingyang Road (South)	Jiyang Road		1	Consturction Completed; Jiyang Road Closed.[8]
	■Line 11	2nd Phase of North Part	Jiangsu Road--Jiangsu Road	Luoshan Road	21	13	Under Construction	[9]
	■Line 12		Qixin Road	Jinsui Road	40.4	31	Under Construction
	■Line 13	1st Phase	Huajiang Road	Nanjing Road (West)	15.9	15	Under Construction
	■Line 21		Longyang Road	Lingang New City	52	9	Under Construction	[10]
By the end of 2020[11]	■Line 5	South Extension	Dongchuan Road	Nanqiao New City	20.7	8	Bridge Under Construction	[12]
		North Part(Line 22)[13]	Hongqiao Railway Station	Xinzhuang	14.3	11	Planning
	■Line 9	3rd Phase (East)	Yanggao Road (Central)	Caolu	14.5	8	Planning
		3rd Phase (South)	Songjiang New City	Songjiang South Railway Station	6.5	3	Planning
	■Line 10	2nd Phase	New Jiangwan City	Huandong No.1 Avenue	9.4	5	Planning
	■Line 11	3rd Phase of North Part	Luoshan Road	Huanglou (Disney Land)	9.4	3	Planning
	■Line 13	2nd Phase	Nanjing Road (West)	Sunqiao	22.5	17	Planning
	■Line 14	Duplicate Part with Shanghai East-West Express Way			7.8	6	Under Construction
			Jiangqiao	Jinqiao	36.4	29	Planning
	■Line 15		Qihua Road	Zizhu Science-Based Industry Park	40.1	28	Planning
	■Line 16	1st Phase	Hongkou Football Stadium	Shanghai Zoo	19	17	Planning
	■Line 17	1st Phase	Hongqiao Railway Station	Baoshan Industry Park	17.2	13	Planning
	■Line 18		Changbei Road	Hangtou Town	44.3	30	Planning
	■Line 19	1st Phase	Jinhai Road	Changxing Island	20.6	6	Planning
	■Line 20		Hongqiao Railway Station	Oriental Land	35.2	11	Planning
Timetable Ungiven	■Line 2	Last Phase of East Extension	Pudong International Airport	Pudong Railway Station			Long Term Plan
	■Line 5	2nd Phase of South Extension	Nanqiao New City	Haiwan			Long Term Plan	[14]
	■Line 16	2nd Phase	Shanghai Zoo	Wujing			Long Term Plan
	■Line 17	2nd Phase	Baoshan Industry Park	Gongqing Forest Park			Long Term Plan
	■Line 19	2nd Phase	Changxing Island	Chongming Island			Long Term Plan	[15]
			Changxing Island	Hengsha Island
	■Shanghai Maglev	Airport Communication Line	Longyang Road	Hongqiao Railway Station
			Longyang Road	Hangzhou East Railway Station
			Pudong International Airport				Long Term Plan	[16]

Planned unified numbering system

Due to the inconsistency in naming of early lines, lines have been renamed in a unified system:

• Line 1 - Former name Metro Line 1, Planned name R1.
• Line 2 - Former name Metro Line 2, Planned name R2.
• Line 3 - Former name Pearl Line, Planned name M3, commonly known as "Light Rail" because it is the first elevated railway.
• Line 4 - Former name Pearl Line Phase 2, Planned name M4.
• Line 5 - Former name Xin Min Line, Planned name R1a. First surface light rail.
• Line 6 - Former name Pudong Light Rail, Planned name L4.
• Line 7 - Planned name M7.
• Line 8 - Former name Yangpu Line, Planned name M8.
• Line 9 - Former name Shengsong Line, Planned name R4.
• Line 10 - Planned name M1.
• Line 11 - Planned name R3.
• Line 12 - Planned name M2.
• Line 13 - Planned name M5.
• Line 14 - Planned name M6.
• Line 15 - Planned name L1.
• Line 16 - Planned name L2.
• Line 17 - Planned name L3.
• Line 18 - Planned name L5.

R line means it is a subway line that connects the CBD to a suburb.
M line means it is a subway line that runs within the CBD only.
L line means it is a surface light railway line.

See also

• List of rapid transit systems
• Metro systems by annual passenger rides
• Shanghai Maglev Train

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shanghai Metro

• Official Shanghai Metro Portal Site
• Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Company
• Shanghai Metro Club
• Shanghai Subway Information on UrbanRail
• Shanghai Metro Map and Timetable
• Glass Doors Installed in Shanghai Metro
• Shanghai Metro Map

v • d • e Lines of the Shanghai Metro Currently operating      Line 1 •      Line 2 •      Line 3 •      Line 4 •      Line 5 •      Line 6 •      Line 8 •      Line 9 Under construction      Line 7 •      Line 10 •      Line 11 • Line 12 • Line 13 Planned Line 14 • Line 15 • Line 16 • Line 17 • Line 18 • Line 19 • Line 20 • Line 21 • Line 22

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