social

Dictionary: so·cial (sō'shəl) pronunciation

adj.

1. Living together in communities.
2. Of or relating to communal living.
3. Of or relating to human society and its modes of organization: social classes; social problems; a social issue.
Living together in organized groups or similar close aggregates: Ants are social insects.
Involving allies or members of a confederacy.
Of or relating to the upper classes.
1. Inclined to seek out or enjoy the company of others; sociable.
2. Spent in or marked by friendly relations or companionship.
3. Intended for convivial activities.
Of, relating to, or occupied with matters affecting human welfare: social programs.

n.
An informal social gathering, as of the members of a church congregation.

[Middle English sociale, domestic, from Old French social, from Latin sociālis, of companionship, from socius, companion.]

socially so'cial·ly adv.

SYNONYMS social, companionable, convivial, gregarious, sociable. These adjectives mean inclined to, marked by, or passed in friendly companionship with others: a friendly social gathering; a companionable pet; a cheery, convivial disposition; a gregarious person who avoids solitude; a sociable conversation.

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Computer Desktop Encyclopedia: social

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Pertaining to a group, community or the public. See social network and social networking site.

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Thesaurus: social

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adjective

Of, characterized by, or inclined to living together in communities: gregarious. See connect, group.
Of or relating to the structure, organization, or functioning of society: societal. See group.
Liking company: companionable, convivial, sociable. Chiefly British matey. See attitude/good attitude/bad attitude/neutral attitude.
Spent, marked by, or enjoyed in the company of others: companionable, convivial, sociable. See attitude/good attitude/bad attitude/neutral attitude, participate/abstain.

Antonyms: social

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adj

Definition: public, friendly
Antonyms: hermetical, private, secluded, unfriendly, unsociable, unsocial

Sports Science and Medicine: social

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1. Pertaining to the interaction humans have with one another, either as individuals or in groups.

2. Pertaining to mutual support and welfare.

Veterinary Dictionary: social

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Pertaining to living in a community.

s. behavior — behavior of an animal to others in its social group of herd, flock, neighbors. See also social behavior.
s. benefits — the benefits to a community that cannot be measured by material values, better social justice, freedom from fear, improvement in educational facilities. The fundamental parameter in a cost–benefit analysis.
s. costs — the costs incurred by society as a whole rather than by individuals. Used in the estimation of benefit–cost analysis.
s. distance — average distance between animals in a community. An expression of the concentration of the animals in the environment.
s. dominance heirarchy — social order.
s. order — the ranking in which a group of animals establishes itself with the most dominant one in the number one position and the most retiring one in the last position. The order is maintained unless new animals are introduced.
s. organization — an aggregation of individual animals into an integrated group based on the interdependence of the animals and their responses to each other.
s. stress — thought to be a common cause of illness in domestic pets and to a less extent in pigs, e.g. in esophagogastric ulcer.

Word Tutor: social

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IN BRIEF: Having to do with human beings as they live together. Also: Liking to be with others.

The distinctions separating the social classes are false; in the last analysis they rest on force. — Albert Einstein (1879-1955).

Wikipedia: Social

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1 Definition
2 Social theorists
3 Social,socialism, social democracy
4 Modern uses
5 Regional uses
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Look up social in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The term Social refers to a characteristic of living organisms (humans in particular, though biologists also apply the term to populations of other animals). It always refers to the interaction of organisms with other organisms and to their collective co-existence, irrespective of whether they are aware of it or not, and irrespective of whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary.

Definition

In the absence of agreement about its meaning, the term "ps" is used in many different senses and regarded as a [[]], referringse among other things to:

Attitudes, orientations, or behaviours which take the interests, intentions, or needs of other people into account (in contrast to anti-social behaviour);has played some role in defining the idea or the principle. For instance terms like social realism, social justice, social constructivism, social psychology and social capital imply that there is some social process involved or considered, a process that is not there in regular, "non-social", realism, justice, constructivism, psychology, or capital.

The adjective "social" is also used often in political discourse, although its meaning in such a context depends heavily on who is using it. In left-wing circles it is often used to imply a positive characteristic, while in right-wing circles it is generally used to imply a negative characteristic. It should also be noted that, overall, this adjective is used much more often by those on the political left than by those on the political right. For these reasons, those seeking to avoid association with the left-right political debates often seek to label their work with phrases that do not include the word "social". An example is quasi-empiricism in mathematics which is sometimes labelled social constructivism by those who see it as an unwarranted intrusion of social considerations in mathematical practice, which is supposed to be "objective" and "above" social concerns.

Social theorists

In the view of Karl Marx ^[1]human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who - beyond being "gregarious creatures" - cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproducing their material life, people must necessarily enter into relations of production which are "independent of their will".

By contrast, the sociologist Max Weber ^[2] for example defines human action as "social" if, by virtue of the subjective meanings attached to the action by individuals, it "takes account of the behavior of others, and is thereby oriented in its course". In this case, the "social" domain really exists only in the intersubjective relations between individuals, but by implication the life of these individuals also exists in part outside the social domain. "Social" is thus implicitly also contrasted with "private".

In the positivist sociology of Emile Durkheim,^[2] a social fact is an abstraction external to the individual which constrains that individual's actions. In his 1895 work Rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim writes: "A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an influence, or an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general throughout a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations." In Durkheim's view, sociology is 'the science of social facts'.

Social,socialism, social democracy

The term "socialism", used from the 1830s onwards in France and the United Kingdom, was directly related to what was called the social question. In essence, it contended that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create "liberty, equality and fraternity" for all citizens, requiring the intervention of politics and social reform to tackle social problems, injustices and grievances (a topic on which Jean-Jacques Rousseau discourses at length in his classic work The Social Contract). Originally the term "socialist" was often used interchangeably with "co-operative", "mutualist", "associationist" and "collectivist". The modern concept of socialism evolved in response to the development of industrial capitalism.

The term social democracy originally referred to the political project of extending democratic forms of association to the whole of society, substituting popular sovereignty, the universal franchise and social ownership for the rule of a propertied class which had exclusive voting rights.

Modern uses

In contemporary society, "social" often refers to the redistributive policies of the government which aim to apply resources in the public interest, for example, social security. Policy concerns then include the problems of social exclusion and social cohesion. Here, "social" contrasts with "private" and to the distinction between the public and the private (or privatised) spheres, where ownership relations define access to resources and attention.

The social domain is often also contrasted with that of physical nature, but in sociobiology analogies are drawn between humans and other living species in order to explain social behavior in terms of biological factors. The term "social" is also added in various other academic sub-disciplines such as social geography, social psychology, social anthropology, social philosophy, social ontology, social statistics and social choice theory in mathematics.

Regional uses

There is a peculiar use of "social" in some parts of the world. In the Canadian province of Manitoba, a "social" is a fund raising party (for a wedding, non-profit organisation, charity, small town hockey team or some other worthy cause) which is typically held in a Royal Canadian Legion hall or community centre. It is also known as a Manitoba Social. Typically, they will include music, dancing, food, raffles (and other fund raising games). When held in support of a wedding, often they are used as a way to settle some details of the wedding (e.g., letting the bride try a hair style, practicing dancing, etc.)

Another common meaning of a "social" in English-speaking countries such as Britain, New Zealand, Canada and Australia is that of a leisure-time gathering with food and drink, organised by an institution, association, or company. A distinguishing feature is that it is deliberately organised at a venue at a predetermined time. Thus one might say, "are you going to the social?", meaning a social event by some organisation.

References

^ Morrison, Ken. Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought
^ ^a ^b Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought

1. 2. 3. Morrison, Ken. Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought

External links

Manitoba Socials Guide, a guide to running a Manitoba Social

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

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Translations: Social

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Dansk (Danish)
adj. - social, samfunds-, selskabelig, selskabs-
n. - selskabelig sammenkomst

idioms:

social anthropology social antropologi
social chapter en erklæring under Maastricht aftalen
social charter socialpagt
social climber stræber, opkomling
social club selskabelig forening
social conscience samfundsbevidsthed
Social Credit Social Credit (økonomisk teori)
social democracy socialt demokrati
social engineering samfundsplanlægning
social housing socialt boligbyggeri
social insurance socialforsikring
social life socialliv
social mobility social mobilitet
social order social orden
social science socialvidenskab
social secretary sekretær for selskabelig forening
social security social sikring, socialforsikring
social services socialforsorg, socialt arbejde
social services department afdelingen for socialforsorg
social studies samfundsvidenskabelige studier
social work socialarbejde, socialt arbejde

Nederlands (Dutch)
sociaal, maatschappelijk, bijeenkomst

Français (French)
adj. - social, amical, sociable
n. - soirée, réunion

idioms:

social anthropology anthropologie sociale
social climber arriviste, parvenu
social club club
social conscience conscient des injustices sociales
social credit crédit social (philosophie politique)
social democracy social-démocratie
social engineering manipulation des structures sociales
social housing logements sociaux
social insurance (US, Admin Soc) sécurité sociale
social life vie sociale
social mobility mobilité sociale
social order ordre social
social science science sociale
social secretary secrétaire particulier, secrétaire (d'un club)
social security aide sociale
social services services sociaux
social services department département de l'aide sociale
social studies sciences humaines
social work travail social

Deutsch (German)
adj. - sozial, gesellschaftlich, gesellig
n. - geselliges Beisammensein

idioms:

social anthropology Sozialanthropologie
social climber sozialer Aufsteiger
social club Klub für geselliges Beisammensein
social conscience soziales Gewissen
social credit Sozialkredit
social democracy Sozialdemokratie
social engineering Sozialtechnologie
social housing sozialer Wohnungsbau
social insurance Sozialversicherung
social life gesellschaftliches Leben
social mobility soziale Mobilität
social order Gesellschaftsordnung
social science Sozialwissenschaft
social secretary Sekretärin, die sich um die gesellschaftl. Aktivitäten kümmert
social security Sozialhilfe
social services staatliche Sozialleistungen
social services department Sozialamt
social studies Gemeinschaftskunde
social work Sozialarbeit

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - κοινωνικός, κοσμικός
n. - δεξίωση

idioms:

social anthropology κοινωνική ανθρωπολογία
social chapter κοινωνικό συμβόλαιο
social charter κοινωνική χάρτα (της ΕΕ)
social climber αριβίστας
social club οικογενειακή λέσχη, λέσχη συναναστροφών
social conscience κοινωνική συνείδηση
Social Credit κοινωνική πίστωση (για ενθάρρυνση της οικονομικής δραστηριότητας)
social democracy σοσιαλδημοκρατία
social engineering κοινωνική μηχανική
social housing οικιστική πολιτική
social insurance κοινωνική ασφάλιση
social life κοινωνική ζωή, κοσμική ζωή
social mobility κοινωνική (διαταξική) κινητικότητα
social order κοινωνικό καθεστώς, κοινωνική τάξη πραγμάτων
social science κοινωνικές επιστήμες
social secretary γραμματέας για τις κοινωνικές δραστηριότητες
social security κοινωνική ασφάλιση
social services κοινωνικές υπηρεσίες, υπηρεσίες κοινωνικής πρόνοιας
social services department υπηρεσία κοινωνικών υπηρεσιών
social studies κοινωνικές σπουδές (σχολικό μάθημα: γεωγραφία, ιστορία, κοινωνιολογία)
social work κοινωνικό έργο, έργο κοινωνικής λειτουργού

Italiano (Italian)
sociale, socievole

idioms:

social anthropology antropologia sociale
social chapter costituzione sociale
social charter contratto sociale
social climber arrampicatore sociale
social club circolo sociale
social conscience coscienza sociale
Social Credit credito sociale
social democracy socialdemocrazia
social engineering ingegneria sociale
social housing case popolari
social insurance assicurazioni sociali
social life vita sociale
social mobility mobilità sociale
social order ordine sociale
social science scienze sociali
social secretary segretaria sociale
social security previdenza sociale
social services servizi sociali
social studies studi sociali
social work assistenza sociale

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - amável, comunicativo (m)
n. - que vive em grupo, reunião social entre amigos

idioms:

social anthropology antropologia social
social chapter grupo/reunião regular com propósito social
social charter turismo com propósito social
social climber arrivista, furão, pessoa que tenta subir para uma diferente camada social
social club clube
social conscience consciência social
Social Credit teoria da distribuição dos lucros para incentivar maior consumpção
social democracy socialismo deve ser atingido através de democracia para substituir capitalismo
social engineering engenharia social
social housing habitação social
social insurance seguro social
social life vida social
social mobility mobilidade social
social order ordem social
social science sociologia, ciência social
social secretary secretaria de assuntos sociais, secretária pessoal
social security segurança social
social services serviços sociais
social studies estudos sociais
social work serviço de assistência social

Русский (Russian)
общественный, социальный, компанейский, дружеский, неофициальный визит, общительный, бытовой, относящийся к положению в обществе, светский, стадный, прием, встреча, собрание, вечеринка

idioms:

social anthropology социальная антропология
social chapter раздел соглашения ЕС, касающийся социальных прав
social charter Хартия социальных прав и обязательств
social climber выскочка, карьерист, честолюбец
social club клуб, где люди встречаются для отдыха
social conscience общественное сознание
Social Credit "социальный кредит" (государственное регулирование розничных цен)
social democracy социал-демократия
social engineering прикладная социология
social housing социальное жилье
social insurance социальное страхование
social life светская жизнь
social mobility социальная мобильность
social order общественное устройство
social science социология, общественные науки
social secretary личный секретарь, ведающий приглашениями и приемом гостей, секретарь по протокольным вопросам
social security социальное обеспечение
social services система социального обслуживания населения
social studies социология, общественные науки
social work работа в сфере социальных проблем

Español (Spanish)
adj. - social, sociable, de trato o conversación
n. - tertulia, reunión

idioms:

social anthropology antropología social
social climber arribista, advenedizo
social club club social
social conscience conciencia social
social credit crédito social
social democracy democracia social, socialdemocracia
social engineering tecnología social
social housing vivienda social
social insurance seguro social
social life vida social
social mobility movilidad social
social order orden social
social science sociología
social secretary secretaria social
social security seguro o seguridad social
social services servicios sociales
social services department departamento de servicios sociales
social studies estudio de las ciencias sociales
social work asistencia social

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - social, samhällelig, samhälls-, sällskaplig, umgänges-, sällskaps-
n. - samkväm, tillställning, bjudning

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
社会的, 社交的, 群居的, 联谊会, 联欢会

idioms:

social anthropology 社会人类学
social chapter 交谊俱乐部
social charter 社会许可证
social climber 攀高枝者
social club 交谊俱乐部
social conscience 社会责任感
Social Credit 社会信贷说
social democracy 社会民主主义, 社会主义
social engineering 社会工程
social housing 政府提供的社会福利性住房
social insurance 社会保险
social life 社交生活, 群居生活
social mobility 结交权贵向上爬的做法, 社会的流动性
social order 社会秩序
social science 社会科学
social secretary 社会秘书
social security 社会福利
social services 社会福利事业
social services department 社会服务所, 社会福利事业局
social studies 社会学科
social work 社会服务

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 社會的, 社交的, 群居的
n. - 聯誼會, 聯歡會

idioms:

social anthropology 社會人類學
social chapter 交誼俱樂部
social charter 社會許可證
social climber 攀高枝者
social club 交誼俱樂部
social conscience 社會責任感
Social Credit 社會信貸說
social democracy 社會民主主義, 社會主義
social engineering 社會工程
social housing 政府提供的社會福利性住房
social insurance 社會保險
social life 社交生活, 群居生活
social mobility 結交權貴向上爬的做法, 社會的流動性
social order 社會秩序
social science 社會科學
social secretary 社會秘書
social security 社會福利
social services 社會福利事業
social services department 社會服務所, 社會福利事業局
social studies 社會學科
social work 社會服務

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 사회적인, 사교적인, 사회 생활을 영위하는
n. - 친목회, (집안 사람끼리의) 파

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 社会の, 社交の, 社交界の, 社会的地位に関する, 社会生活を営む, 群居する, 社交的な
n. - 懇親会

idioms:

social anthropology 社会人類学
social chapter 社会問題
social charter 社会憲章
social climber 立身出世をねらう人
social club 社交クラブ
social conscience 社会的良心
Social Credit 社会的信用説, 社会信用党
social democracy 社会民主主義
social engineering 社会工学
social housing 住宅供給
social insurance 社会保険
social life 社会生活
social mobility 社会的流動性
social order 社会組織
social science 社会科学
social secretary 個人秘書
social security 社会保障, 生活保護
social services 社会福祉事業, 政府の社会福祉事業
social services department 社会奉仕局
social studies 社会科
social work 社会福祉事業

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) أجتماعي (الاسم) حفله أنس‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮חברתי, סוציאלי, ידידותי, של רעים, של מעמד חברתי‬
n. - ‮מסיבה‬

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		Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more
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social

Contents

Definition

Social theorists

Social,socialism, social democracy

Modern uses

Regional uses

See also

References

External links