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Ĵ or ĵ (J circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar fricative (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to the voiced postalveolar fricative, IPA: [ʒ], or the voiced retroflex fricative, [ʐ].
While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĵ is based on the French letter j to better preserve the shape of borrowings from that language (such as ĵurnalo from journal) than Slavic ž would.
Where type with diacritics is not available, L. L. Zamenhof allowed its substitution by jh. Recently, the use of jx instead of ĵ has also become popular; see x-convention.
Usage
In mathematics
- The letter
is sometimes used to denote a unit vector in mathematics.
See also
| The Basic modern Latin alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz | |
|
Letter J with diacritics
Letters using circumflex accent
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters • ISO/IEC 646 |
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