Ĵ

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Esperanto

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Ĵ or ĵ (J circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar fricative (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to the voiced postalveolar fricative, IPA: [ʒ], or the voiced retroflex fricative, [ʐ].

While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĵ is based on the French letter j to better preserve the shape of borrowings from that language (such as ĵurnalo from journal) than Slavic ž would.

Where type with diacritics is not available, L. L. Zamenhof allowed its substitution by jh. Recently, the use of jx instead of ĵ has also become popular; see x-convention.

Usage

In mathematics

• The letter is sometimes used to denote a unit vector in mathematics.

In other languages

• Ĵ also occurs in Luna (A rarely used constructed language) as a changeable form of the letter J, meaning the voiced postalveolar fricative <ʒ>.

See also

• Ĉ
• Ĝ
• Ĥ
• Ŝ
• Ŭ

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