.рф
Top
 .РФ |
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| Introduced | May 13, 2010 |
|---|---|
| TLD type | Cyrillic country code top level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | Coordination Center for the Internet National Domain |
| Intended use | Entities connected with the Russian Federation |
| Actual use | Active / Limited registration |
| Registration restrictions | Intended for Cyrillic domain names only.[1] |
| DNS name | xn--p1ai |
| Website | кц.рф |
| DNSSEC | no |
The domain name рф (romanized as rf [2]) is Cyrillic country code top-level domain in the Domain Name System of the Internet for the Russian Federation. In the Domain Name System it has the ASCII DNS name xn--p1ai. The domain accepts only Cyrillic subdomain applications, and is the first Cyrillic implementation of the Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) system. The domain became operational on May 13, 2010.[3]
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Contents
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Character set
рф (Russian: Российская Федерация) is transliterated as Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, the Russian Federation. The domain has an ascii representation of xn--p1ai derived as Punycode for use in the Domain Name System.
The domain is intended for Internet resources with names in the Russian language using Cyrillic.[1]
A principle in the approval process of ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) states that Greek and Cyrillic two-character top-level domains should not exclusively use characters that could be confused with Latin characters of identical or similar shapes — a problem that particularly limits Cyrillic choices.[4] As such, GNSO sought to avoid the direct transcription of "ru" into Cyrillic, "ру",[5] and common abbreviations for Russia (Russian: Россия), such as "ро", in order to avoid confusion with the Latin ccTLDs .py (Paraguay) and .po (currently[update] unassigned). In English sources .рф can be romanized as .rf, but the latter is not a valid domain for Russia.
Early preparations
The preparation, development, and technical testing of the domain started in 2007 by registrar RU Center.[6] The domain delegation process started in November 2009 as an application to ICANN under the new Fast Track IDN ccTLD process. The domain is expected to be launched in 2010. In preparation for a launch, RU Center opened a sunrise registration period for Russian trademark owners from 25 November 2009 to 25 March 2010.[7] General public registrations are planned starting 20 April 2010 through June 2010 using a Dutch auction process, and at a fixed price beginning in July 2010.
In January 2010 ICANN announced that the domain was one of the first four new non-Latin ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.[8]
In a press release in December 2007, Alexei Lesnikov of RU-Center suggested that an auction for domain names could be highly successful, as was the case with a similar domain name auction on the .su ccTLD.[1]
With comparisons being made with an equivalent Chinese TLD of .中国, it is anticipated that take-up of a Russian Cyrillic TLD could outstrip demand for the Latin alphabet equivalent, .ru.[1] The Russian government announced their official intentions to register .рф in letters to ICANN in June 2008.
First use
The top-level domain became operational on the Internet on May 13, 2010.[3] The first two accessible sites were http://президент.рф (president) and http://правительство.рф (government).[9]
Related domains
The traditional country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia, based on the ISO country codes, is ru. There is no direct mapping of subdomains between рф and ru, they are independent domains hosting potentially different resources. However, many resources may use URL redirection or DNS pointers to provide mapping between the name spaces. For example, the URLs http://президент.рф (prezident.rf) and http://kremlin.ru point to the identical resource, and http://яндекс.рф (Yandex) redirects to http://www.yandex.ru.
See also
- .ru
- .su domain (permits registration of Cyrillic names as well)
- .eu domain (permits registration of Cyrillic names as well)
- .укр
- .бг
- .срб
- Punycode
References
- ^ a b c d (Russian) Кириллический домен ".рф" появится в Сети в 2008 году (Cyrillic domain ".рф" will be introduced in 2008), RBC Informations Systems, 25 December 2007; accessed 24 September 2008.
- ^ Rossia.rf becomes first Cyrillic domain, RIA Novosti, 25/11/2009
- ^ a b By Rfe/Rl. "Cyrillic Domain Names Become Operational On The Internet". Rferl.org. http://www.rferl.org/content/Cyrillic_Domain_Names_Become_Operational_On_The_Internet/2041131.html. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ (English) General remarks on Cyrillic IDNs, ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization wiki, revision dated 22 June 2008; accessed 24 September 2008.
- ^ Knight, Gavin (2008-01-03). "Kremlin eyes internet control...". The Guardian (London): Technology Guardian section, p. 6. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/jan/03/internet.censorship. Retrieved 2010-05-08. "The problem for Russia is that its top-level domain - with the ASCII suffix .ru - translates into Cyrillic as .py, the domain name of Paraguay. That could pose security problems for Russian users."
- ^ (Russian) Пресс-конференция «Итоги развития российского национального домена RU в 2007 году» (Press conference: The outcome of the development of the Russian national domain RU in 2007), ccTLD.ru, 24 December 2007; accessed 8 January 2008.
- ^ "РФ Domains Sunrise Registration Launched". Nic.ru. http://nic.ru/news/en/2009/start_prior_rf.html. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
- ^ "First IDN ccTLDs Requests Successfully Pass String Evaluation". ICANN. 21 January 2010. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100124073406/http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-21jan10-en.htm. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
- ^ (Russian) Этой ночью в Интернете запущен первый кириллический домен ".рф", RBC, 13 May 2010; accessed 13 May 2010.
External links
- ICANN country-code name supporting organisation
- Timetable for the possible introduction of IDN ccTLDs
- Discussion by GNSO about which IDN ccTLD to use for different countries
- Coordination Center for TLD RU
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