0s

For the present decade, also sometimes called "the 0s", see 2000–2009.

Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 1st century AD

This article is about the period 1–9 AD, the first nine years of the 1st century. Note that there is no year zero (0) in either the proleptic Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar. Hence 1 AD was preceded by the year 1 BC.

Events and trends

• 1 – Quirinius becomes a chief advisor to Gaius in Armenia. Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus whose father Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus had served as Consul in 16 BC also serves in the Armenia campaigns.
• 1 – The Aqua Alsietina aqueduct is constructed.
• 1 – Tiberius, under order of Augustus, quells revolts in Germania (1–5).
• 1 – Gaius Caesar and Lucius Aemilius Paullus are appointed as consuls.
• 1 – Gaius Caesar is appointed to a military command in Armenia with Marcus Herennius Picens serving in his place as consul.
• 1 – Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus, in an effort to gain prestige.
• 1 – Silk appears in Rome.^[1]
• 1 – Areius Paianeius becomes Archon of Athens.
• 1 – Start of the Yuanshi era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
• 1 – Confucius is given his first royal title (posthumously) of Lord Baochengxun Ni.
• 1 – Emperor Ping of Han China begins his reign and Wang Mang is re-instated as regent by Grand Empress Dowager Wang.
• 1 – Former regent Dong Xian commits suicide.
• 1 – Sapadbizes, Yuezhi prince and King of Kush (Bactria), dies. Heraios succeeds him as king.
• c.1 – Kingdom of Aksum, centered in modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea, is founded (approximate date).
• 1 – Amanishakheto Queen of Kush (Nubia) dies. Her son, Natakamani, becomes King of Kush.
• 1 – Moxos ceases to be a significant religious area in South America (approximate date).
• 1 – The poem Metamorphoses is written by Ovid.
• 1 – Livy writes his monumental History of Rome (Ab Urbe Condita).
• 1 – Buddhism is introduced into China.
• 2 – Gaius Caesar concludes peace with the Parthians—Parthia recognizes Roman claims to Armenia.
• 2 – Publius Alfenus Varus and Publius Vinicius become Roman Consuls.
• 2 – Cedeides becomes Archon of Athens.
• 2 – Using Roman military support, Artavasdes III, son of Ariobarzanes II, king of Media Atropatene, becomes the king of Armenia (to 4).
• 2 – Wang Mang begins a program of personal aggrandizement, restoring marquess titles to past imperial princes and introducing a pension system for retired officials.
• 2 – The first census is concluded in China after having begun the year before.
• 3 – Augustus adopts his grandson, Gaius Caesar, with the expectation that he will succeed him. Gaius is made proconsul and is sent on a special mission to the East.
• 3 – Lucius Aelius Lamia and Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus are consuls of Rome.
• 3 – Menneas becomes Archon of Athens.
• 3 – Five German tribes are unified by Marbod, King of the Marcomanni.
• 3 – King Yuri of Goguryeo moved the capital from Jolbon Fortress to Gungnae Fortress.
• 3 – Wang Mang foils a plot to oust him from the regent's position. Two of the Conspirators, Wang Yu and Lu Kuan, are killed in the purge that follows.
• 4 – Emperor Caesar Augustus summons Tiberius to Rome, and names him his heir and future emperor. At the same time, Agrippa Postumus, the last son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, is also adopted and named as Augustus' heir.
• 4 – Tiberius also adopts Germanicus as his own heir.
• 4 – Sextus Aelius Catus becomes consul.
• 4 – The Lex Aelia Sentia regulates the manumission of slaves.
• 4 – A pact of non-aggression and friendship is signed between the Roman Empire and the Cherusci.
• 4 – Julia the Elder returns from exile to live in Rhegium in disgrace.
• 4 – Augustus pardons Gnaeus Cornelius Cinna Magnus, along with Aemilia Lepida, the daughter of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, for alleged involvement in a conspiracy against the emperor.
• 4 – Marcus Plautius Silvanus is appointed proconsul of Asia.
• 4 – Polianus Maradonius becomes Archon of Athens.
• 4 – King Phraates V of Parthia and Queen Musa of Parthia are overthrown and killed.
• 4 – Namhae Chachaung succeeds Bak Hyeokgeose as king of the Korean kingdom of Silla (traditional date).
• 4 – Emperor Ping of Han marries Empress Wang (Ping), daughter of Wang Mang, cementing his influence.
• 4 – Wang Mang is given the title "Superior Duke"^[2]
• 4 – Nicolaus of Damascus writes the 15 volume History of the World.
• 5 – Rome acknowledges Cunobelinus, King of the Catuvellauni, as King of Britain.
• The Germanic Tribes of Cimbri and Charydes send ambassadors to Rome.
• 5 – Gnaeus Cornelius Cinna Magnus and Lucius Valerius Messalla Volesus (or Gaius Ateius Capito) become Roman consuls.
• 5 – Tiberius conquers Germania Inferior.
• 5 – Agrippina the Elder marries Germanicus, her second cousin.
• 5 – Livilla marries Drusus Julius Caesar, Tiberius's son.
• 5 – Polycharmus Azenius becomes Archon of Athens.
• 5 – Wang Mang is granted the "Nine Awards of Imperial Favor".
• 6 – Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, is deposed and banished to Vienne in Gaul.
• 6 – Iudaea and Moesia become Roman provinces.
• 6 – Augustus sets up a special treasury, the aerarium militare.
• 6 – The Pannonians, with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, revolt.
• 6 – Wiesbaden, in modern-day Germany, founded.
• 6 – Caecina Severus is made governor of Moesia.
• 6 – Publius Sulpicius Quirinius becomes Governor of Syria.
• 6 – Quirinius conducts a census in Judea (according to Josephus), which results in a revolt in the province, led by Judas the Galilean.
• 6 – Due to a food shortage in Rome, Augustus doubles the corn rations distributed to the people.
• 6 – Due to a catastrophic fire in Rome, the barracks system is created to allow quicker response in the case of emergencies.
• 6 – Augustus banishes Agrippa Postumus, one of his adopted sons, to the island of Planasia.
• 6 – Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius become Roman consuls.
• 6 – Theophilus becomes Archon of Athens. There are no further records of Archons until after 23.
• 6 – Ping Di dies of unexpected causes at age 14; Wang Mang alone selects the new emperor, Ruzi Ying, age 2,^[2] starting the Jushe era of the Han Dynasty.
• 6 – The Chinese government mandates that candidates for government office must take civil-service examinations.
• 6 – The imperial Liu clan suspect the intentions of Wang Mang and foment agrarian rebellions during the course of Ruzi Ying's reign.^[2]
• 7 – Publius Quinctilius Varus is appointed governor of Germania.
• 7 – Tiberius Quinctilius Varus, legate, is charged with organizing Germania between the Rhine and Elbe rivers. He carries out a census, devises tributes and recruits soldiers, all of which create dissension among the Germanic tribes.
• 7 – Abgarus of Edessa is deposed as king of Osroene.
• 7 – Construction of the Temple of Concord begins.
• 7 – Vonones I becomes ruler of Parthia.
• 7 – Zhai Yi, Governor of the Commandery of Dong (modern Puyang, Henan) declares Liu Zin, Marquess of Yang Xiang (modern Tai'an, Shandong), emperor. This action results in the greatest rebellion against Emperor Ruzi of Han.
• 7 – Wang Mang puts down the rebellion during the winter.
• 8 – Roman general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatians on the River Bathinus.
• 8 – Vipsania Julia is exiled. Lucius Aemilius Paullus and his family are disgraced. Augustus breaks off the engagement of Claudius to Paullus' daughter Aemilia Lepida.
• 8 – Marcus Furius Camillus, Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus, and Lucius Apronius become Roman Consuls.
• 8 – Roman poet Ovid is banished from Rome and exiled to the Black Sea near Tomis (present-day Constanţa).
• 8 – Tincomarus, deposed king of the Atrebates, flees Britain for Rome; Eppillus becomes king.
• 9 – Claudius marries Plautia Urgulanilla following the death of Livia Medullina.
• 9 – Illyria is turned into a province after a revolt is defeated.
• 9 – Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulting in Rhine River as the boundary of the Roman empire and Germanic Tribesmen.
• 9 – Roman legions Legio XVII, Legio XVIII, and Legio XIX disestablished.
• 9 – Pannonia (modern-day Hungary) submits to Roman rule.
• 9 – Lex Papia Poppaea is adopted in Rome.
• 9 – Roman government begins to levy taxes on inheritance and sales following costly wars in central Europe (namely Germania and along the Danube).
• 9 – The Catuvellauni attack the Trinovantes and capture Camulodunum.
• 9 – Ruzi Ying is placed under house arrest.
• 9 – Lui Kuai, Marquess of Zuziang, attacks the Dukedom of Fuchong under his brother Liu Ying. Lui Kuai is defeated and killed in the ensuing battle.
• 9 – Wang Mang founds the short-lived Xin Dynasty in China (ends in 25).

Significant people

• Erato, Artaxiad Dynasty Queen of Armenia, 8–5 BC, 2 BC – 2 AD, 6–11
• Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r. 1 BC – 2 AD
• Artavazd V, Client King of Armenia, r. 2–11
• Tigranes V, Artaxiad Dynasty King of Armenia, r. 2–6
• Ping Di, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, r. 1 BC – 5 AD
• Ruzi Ying, Emperor of Han Dynasty China, r. 6–9
• Wang Mang, Usurper Emperor of the short-lived Xin Dynasty in China r. 9–23
• Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
• Arminius, German war chief
• Crimthann Nia Náir, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. 8 BC – 9 AD
• Cairbre Cinnchait, Legendary High King of Ireland, r. 9–14
• Strato II and Strato III, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25 BC – 10 AD
• Suinin, Legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29 BC – 70 AD
• Natakamani, King of Kush, r. (1 BC – AD 20)
• Phraates V, King of the Parthian Empire, r. 2 BC – 4 AD
• Musa of Parthia, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2 BC – 4 AD
• Orodes III, King of the Parthian Empire, r. 4–6
• Vonones I, King of the Parthian Empire, r. 8–12
• Artabanus of Parthia, pretender to the Parthian throne and future King of Parthia
• Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC – 14 AD)
• Gaius Caesar, Roman general
• Livy, Roman Historian
• Ovid, Roman poet
• Quirinius, Roman nobleman and politician
• Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – 9 AD
• Shammai, Jewish scholar and Av Beit Din of the Sanhedrin, in office 20 BC – 20 AD
• Tiberius, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor
• Hyeokgeose, King of Silla, r. 57 BC – 4 AD
• Namhae, King of Silla, r. 4–24

Contemporaries of future importance

• Saint Andrew, future Apostle and (according to Eastern Orthodox Christians) Bishop of Byzantium
• Claudius, future Roman Emperor
• Galba, future Roman Emperor
• Germanicus, soldier and future Roman Consul
• Guangwu, future Emperor of China
• Judas Iscariot, future Apostle and (according to Biblical record) betrayer of Christ
• St. Jude, future Apostle and (according to Armenian Christians) Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church
• James, son of Alphaeus, future Apostle
• James, son of Zebedee, future Apostle
• James the Just (sometimes identified with James, son of Alphaeus), future Bishop of Jerusalem
• Jesus of Nazareth, central figure of Christianity
• St. John, future Apostle
• John the Baptist, future Jewish religious teacher
• St. Luke, future Apostle
• St. Mark, future Apostle and (according to Coptic Christians and Greek Orthodox Christians) Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria respectively
• St. Matthew, future Apostle
• Saul of Tarsus, future Christian missionary
• Simon of Bethsaida, future Apostle and (according to Roman Catholics and Eastern Christians) Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Patriarch of Antioch
• Saint Stephen, future Christian martyr
• St. Thomas, future Apostle and (according to Assyrian Christians) Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East
• Vespasian, future Roman Emperor

References