1059
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1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060
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The Byzantine emperor Isaac I Comnenus abdicates in favor of a high financial officer, who begins an 8-year reign as Constantine X (Dukas). The new emperor will neglect and antagonize the army by giving more authority to the civil service, the Church, and the scholars.
The antipope Benedict X is ousted in January through the efforts of the monk Hildebrand and imprisoned in the monastery of Sant' Agnese, where he will remain until his death in about 1080. The new pope Nicholas II decrees papal election by cardinals only and establishes an electoral body that will later become the Sacred College of Cardinals. The Treaty of Melfi in August cements relations between the papacy and Robert Guiscard, who promises fidelity to the Church; he is recognized as duke of Apulia and of Sicily, although the latter is occupied by Saracens.
Pope Nicholas II convenes a Second Lateran Council at which he sanctions the marriage in 1051 of William, duke of Normandy, with Matilda of Flanders, allegedly on condition that each endow a monastic house at Caen.
1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060
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This article is about the year 1059.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 10th century – 11th century – 12th century |
| Decades: | 1020s 1030s 1040s – 1050s – 1060s 1070s 1080s |
| Years: | 1056 1057 1058 – 1059 – 1060 1061 1062 |
| 1059 by topic | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1059 MLIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1812 |
| Armenian calendar | 508 ԹՎ ՇԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5809 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -785–-784 |
| Bengali calendar | 466 |
| Berber calendar | 2009 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 1603 |
| Burmese calendar | 421 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6567–6568 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊戌年十二月十五日 (3695/3755-12-15) — to —
己亥年十一月廿四日(3696/3756-11-24) |
| Coptic calendar | 775–776 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1051–1052 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4819–4820 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1115–1116 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 981–982 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4160–4161 |
| Holocene calendar | 11059 |
| Iranian calendar | 437–438 |
| Islamic calendar | 450–451 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3392 |
| Minguo calendar | 853 before ROC 民前853年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1602 |
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Year 1059 (MLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
- January 24 – Pope Nicholas II succeeds Pope Stephen IX as the 155th Pope, installed in opposition to Antipope Benedict X.
- August – Robert Guiscard signs the Treaty of Melfi with Pope Nicholas II.
- Anselm settles at the Benedictine monastery of Le Bec in Normandy.
- The Lateran Council makes the College of Cardinals the sole voters in the election of popes.
- Muhammed ben Da'ud, known as Alp Arslan, becomes second sultan of the Seljuk Turks.
- Peter Krešimir IV is crowned King of Croatia and Dalmatia
- Isaac I Comnenus resigns as Byzantine Emperor, appointing Constantine Ducas as his successor.
Births
- Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler of the First Crusade
Deaths
References
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