1063
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Harold Godwine, 2nd earl of Wessex, subdues Wales with help from his brother Tostig, earl of Northumbria.
The Moorish soldier Abd ar-Rahman ibn Tahir declares himself head of the independent state of Murcia on the Iberian Peninsula but calls himself habib (minister) rather than malik (king) in order to avoid conflict with the Umayyad caliphate at Córdoba (see 1092).
The Seljuk Turkish sultan Tughril Beg dies without issue at Rayy in Persia September 4 at age 73 (approximate) after a 38-year career in which the Seljuk Turks have assumed leadership of the Islamic world by gaining mastery over the Abbasid caliphate at Baghdad. Having forced Al-Qaim to let him marry one of the caliph's daughters, he is succeeded by a 33-year-old nephew who inherits the territories of Khorasan and western Iran (but not Kerman, in southern Persia, which is held by one of his brothers); the new sultan will reign until 1072 as Alp-Arslan, avoiding the caliphate at Baghdad as he concentrates on conquering Armenia, Georgia, and much of Asia Minor from the Byzantines (see Armenia, 1064).
China's fourth Song (Sung) dynasty emperor Ren Zong (Jen Tsung) dies at age 53 after an extraordinarly able 41-year reign in which he has ruled with such justice that he will be remembered as having come closer than any to the Confucian ideal of fairness, adjudicating bitter disputes between two political factions whose members have had opposing policies and philosophies with regard to the interpretation of the Confucian classics.
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