107 Camilla

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107 Camilla ( /kəˈmɪlə/ kə-MIL-ə) is one of the largest main-belt asteroids. It orbits within the Cybele Group, beyond most main-belt asteroids. It has a very dark surface and primitive carbonaceous composition. It was discovered by N. R. Pogson on November 17, 1868, and named after Camilla, Queen of the Volsci in Roman mythology.^[1]

Lightcurve analysis indicates that Camilla's pole most likely points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (+51°, 72°) with a 10° uncertainty,^[2] which gives it an axial tilt of 29°.

Satellite (S/2001 (107) I)

On 1 March 2001, a satellite of Camilla was found by A. Storrs, F. Vilas, R. Landis, E. Wells, C. Woods, B. Zellner, and M. Gaffey using the Hubble Space Telescope.^[3] It has been designated S/2001 (107) 1 but has not yet received an official name.

Later observations in September 2005 with the VLT allowed the determination of an orbit.^[4] Apart from data in infobox, the inclination was found to be 3 ± 1° with respect to an axis pointing towards (β, λ) = (+55°, 75°).^[4] Given the ~10° uncertainty in the actual rotational axis of Camilla, one can say that the orbit's inclination is less than 10°.

The satellite is estimated to measure about 11 km in diameter.^[5] Assuming a similar density to the primary, this would give it an approximate mass of ~1.5×10¹⁵ kg. It has a similar colour to the primary.^[3]

**S/2001 (107) 1**
Discovery^[3] and designation
Discovered by	A. Storrs, F. Vilas, R. Landis, E. Wells, C. Woods, B. Zellner, and M. Gaffey
Discovery date	1 March 2001
Designations
Minor planet category	Main belt (Cybele)
Orbital characteristics^[4]
Semi-major axis	1235 ± 16 km
Eccentricity	0.006 ± 0.002
Orbital period	3.710 ± 0.001 d
Average orbital speed	24.2 m/s
Inclination	< 10°
Satellite of	107 Camilla
Proper orbital elements
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	~ 11 ± 2 km^[5]
Mass	~1.5×10¹⁵ kg^[6]
Equatorial escape velocity	~ 6 m/s
Absolute magnitude (H)	13.18^[5]

**107 Camilla**
Discovery
Discovered by	Norman Robert Pogson
Discovery date	November 17, 1868
Designations
Alternate name(s)	A893 QA; 1938 OG; 1949 HD₁
Minor planet category	Outer Main belt (Cybele)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch December 31, 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
Aphelion	560.937 Gm (3.750 AU)
Perihelion	479.343 Gm (3.204 AU)
Semi-major axis	520.140 Gm (3.477 AU)
Eccentricity	0.078
Orbital period	2368.050 d (6.48 a)
Average orbital speed	15.95 km/s
Mean anomaly	1.746°
Inclination	10.048°
Longitude of ascending node	173.132°
Argument of perihelion	309.877°
Proper orbital elements
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	344×246×205 km^[7] 285×205×170 ± 20 km^[2]^[5]^[8]^[9]
Mass	1.12×10¹⁹ kg^[7] 1.09±0.04×10¹⁹ kg ^[4]^[10]
Mean density	1.40±0.30 g/cm³^[7] ~1.9 g/cm³ ^[4]
Equatorial surface gravity	~0.036 m/s²
Escape velocity	0.10 km/s
Rotation period	0.2018 d (4.84393 h)^[2]
Albedo	0.0525^[8]
Temperature	~151 K max: 223 K (-52°C)
Spectral type	C^[11]
Apparent magnitude	11.53^[12] to 13.93
Absolute magnitude (H)	7.08^[8]

External links

Data on (87) Sylvia from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
Hubble Finds New Asteroid Moon (SpaceDaily.com, 21-03-2001), includes discovery image.
107 Camilla and S/2001 (107) 1, orbit data website maintained by F. Marchis. Includes orbit diagrams.

References

^ Lutz D. Schmadel, Dictionary of Minor Planets Names, p.25.
^ ^a ^b ^c J. Torppa et al (2003). "Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data" (PDF). Icarus 164 (2): 346. Bibcode 2003Icar..164..346T. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00146-5. http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~mjk/thirty.pdf.
^ ^a ^b ^c IAUC 7599
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e 107 Camilla and S/2001 (107) 1, F. Marchis
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d F. Marchis et al (2006). "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey". Icarus 185 (1): 39–63. Bibcode 2006Icar..185...39M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001. PMC 2600456. PMID 19081813. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2600456.
^ Assuming a similar density to the primary.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jim Baer (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
^ ^a ^b ^c Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey
^ Axis ratios (rounded to nearest 5 km) based on lightcurve analysis of Torppa et al. (2003), however taking IRAS mean diameter is inconsistent with the maximum value of the short axis obtained in Marchis et al. (2006). Hence, presumably IRAS measurements were taken of a large face. Therefore, anchoring absolute size by requiring the shortest axis to be no larger than the maximum allowed by Marchis et al. (2006).
^ Error estimate derived from consideration of $M \propto a^3/P^2$ and given errors in a and P. See propagation of uncertainty.
^ PDS spectral class data
^ "AstDys (107) Camilla Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=107&oc=500&y0=2001&m0=3&d0=8&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=2001&m1=3&d1=10&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=1.0&tiu=days. Retrieved 2010-06-28.

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