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Contents: political eventsliterature |
Palermo falls January 10 to Robert Guiscard and his brother Roger, who begin to conquer all of Sicily.
The former German regent Adalbert, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, dies at Goslar, Saxony, March 16 at age 71 (approximate).
Castile's Sancho el Fuerte is assassinated at the siege of Zamora while warring with Sancho IV of Navarre. He is succeeded by his brother, who will reign until 1109 as Alfonso VI, resuming the Christian reconquest of Castile with help from El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar), whom he will soon exile from Castile.
The Seljuk Turkish sultan Alp-Arslan gives the Armenian city of Ani to the Kurdish Shaddadids as a fief (see 1071), but he is mortally wounded by a prisoner during a quarrel on the Qarakhanid frontier in November and dies (or will die early next year) at age 42 (approximate), after a 9-year reign. He has named his 18-year-old son as his successor, and the boy will reign until his death in 1092 as Malik-Shah, initially under the guardianship of his able vizier Nizam al-Mulk, now about 53, who has been administering the traditional Sunni Muslim countries during Alp-Arslan's reign.
The Japanese emperor Gosanjō abdicates at age 38 (he is ill and will die next year). Having been frustrated in his reform efforts by the Fujiwara clan, whose great estates have claimed judicial and fiscal autonomy, Gosanjō has chosen as his successor his second son, Sadahito, now 20, who will reign until 1086 as the emperor Shirakawa, taking advantage of bitter divisions within the court to reassert the authority that his father failed to maintain.
Chinese poet-historian-statesman Ouyang Xiu (Ou-yang Hsiu) dies in Henan (Hunan) Province at age 65, having reintroduced the simple "ancient style" in literature while trying to reform political life through classical Confucian principles.
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