1073

1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080

political events

Robert Guiscard's Normans take Amalfi from Gisulf of Salerno, antagonizing the new pope Gregory VII.

Egypt's civil war ends after 6 years of hostilities.

The former Japanese emperor Gosanjō dies at his native Kyoto in late May at age 40, having failed to break the Fujiwara family's control of the government and economy.

religion

Pope Alexander II dies at Rome after a 12-year reign in which Cardinal Hildebrand, now 50, has played a major role. Hildebrand is elected by acclamation April 22 to succeed Alexander, he is consecrated at St. Peter's Basilica June 30, and he will reign until 1085 as Gregory VII, attacking simony, upholding celibacy among the clergy, and fighting for papal omnipotence.

A reorganization of the English Church subordinates York to Canterbury.

literature

The Chinese philosopher Zhou Dunyi (Chou Tun-i) dies at Nan-k'ang-ch'ing at age 56 (approximate), having reformulated Confucianism with ideas derived from neo-Daoism (Taoism). His brief "Explanation of the Diagram of the Great Ultimatum" (T'ai-chi-t'u shuo) has developed a metaphysics based on the idea that "the many are [ultimately] one, and the one is actually differentiated into many." Zhou's elaboration on the Yi Jing (I Ching), or Book of Changes, will have a major part in making it revered as a Confucian classic.

1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080

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Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century – 11th century – 12th century
Decades:	1040s  1050s  1060s  – 1070s –  1080s  1090s  1100s
Years:	1070 1071 1072 – 1073 – 1074 1075 1076

1073 by topic

Lists of leaders

State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments v • d • e

1073 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1073 MLXXIII
Ab urbe condita	1826
Armenian calendar	522 ԹՎ ՇԻԲ
Bahá'í calendar	-771 – -770
Berber calendar	2023
Buddhist calendar	1617
Burmese calendar	435
Byzantine calendar	6581 – 6582
Chinese calendar	壬子年十一月二十日 (3709/3769-11-20) — to — 癸丑年十二月初一日 (3710/3770-12-1)
Coptic calendar	789 – 790
Ethiopian calendar	1065 – 1066
Hebrew calendar	4833 – 4834
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1128 – 1129
- Shaka Samvat	995 – 996
- Kali Yuga	4174 – 4175
Holocene calendar	11073
Iranian calendar	451 – 452
Islamic calendar	465 – 466
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3406
Thai solar calendar	1616
v • d • e

Events

• April 22—Pope Gregory VII (Cardinal Hildebrand) succeeds Pope Alexander II as the 157th pope.
• Emperor Shirakawa ascends to the throne of Japan.
• Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi finishes writing the Rif, an important work of Jewish law.
• John IX bar Shushan ends his term as Syrian Patriarch of Antioch.
• Sviatoslav II begins his reign as ruler of Kievan Rus.
• The Seljuk Turks conquer Ankara.
• Chancellor Wang Anshi of Song Dynasty China creates a new bureau of the central government called the Directorate of Weapons, which supervises the manufacture of military armaments and ensures quality control.

Births

• David the Builder, King of Georgia
• Margrave Leopold III of Austria

Deaths

• April 21—Pope Alexander II
• June 15—Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (b. 1034)
• Zhou Dunyi, Neo-Confucian philosopher in Song Dynasty China (b. 1017)

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