1075

1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080

political events

Last year's Peace of Gerstungen ends in June as the German king Heinrich IV resumes war with Otto II of Nordheim and takes him prisoner, but by year's end Heinrich has not only pardoned Otto but given him a high administrative position in Saxony.

The former German regent Anno, archbishop of Cologne, dies at the Abbey of Siegburg (which he founded 11 years ago) December 4 at age 65 (approximate).

The Seljuk Turkish forces of Malik Shah subdue Syria and Palestine.

exploration, colonization

Acoma (the Sky City) in the Western Hemisphere is founded by tribespeople who have moved three miles from the "Enchanted Mesa" following an earthquake that has destroyed trails to the top and left those up there to starve to death. Acoma will grow to have a population of 5,000 and be the oldest continuously inhabited town in the northern continent of the hemisphere.

religion

The Synod of Rome called by Pope Gregory VII passes strict decrees against simony (purchase or sale of Church offices). A 47-year struggle against the papacy begins as German bishops oppose Hildebrand's confirmation as pope and Heinrich IV ignores a papal letter of rebuke.

1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080

Construction

Construction is begun under William the Conqueror on Windsor Castle, today the largest inhabited castle in Europe. See also 1050 Construction; 1180 Construction.

The Persian mathematician and poet Omar Khayyám [b. Nishapur (Iran), May 15, 1048, d. Nishapur, December 4, 1131], in his Algebra, becomes the first to solve all types of equations with a degree of three, also known as cubics, using a geometry-based method. See also 835 Mathematics; 1535 Mathematics. (See essay.)

Spanish Arab Abu Ishaq al-Zarqali (known in the West as Arzachel) [b. 1028, d. 1087] about this time constructs a series of complex water clocks at Toledo (Spain), some of which show the phases of the Moon. See also 1088 Tools.

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Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century – 11th century – 12th century
Decades:	1040s  1050s  1060s  – 1070s –  1080s  1090s  1100s
Years:	1072 1073 1074 – 1075 – 1076 1077 1078

1075 by topic

Lists of leaders

State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments v • d • e

1075 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1075 MLXXV
Ab urbe condita	1828
Armenian calendar	524 ԹՎ ՇԻԴ
Bahá'í calendar	-769 – -768
Berber calendar	2025
Buddhist calendar	1619
Burmese calendar	437
Byzantine calendar	6583 – 6584
Chinese calendar	甲寅年十二月十二日 (3711/3771-12-12) — to — 乙卯年十一月廿一日 (3712/3772-11-21)
Coptic calendar	791 – 792
Ethiopian calendar	1067 – 1068
Hebrew calendar	4835 – 4836
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1130 – 1131
- Shaka Samvat	997 – 998
- Kali Yuga	4176 – 4177
Holocene calendar	11075
Iranian calendar	453 – 454
Islamic calendar	467 – 468
Japanese calendar
Korean calendar	3408
Thai solar calendar	1618
v • d • e

Events

• February – Pope Gregory VII holds a council that publishes a decree against lay investiture.
• April – Pope Gregory VII publishes the Dictatus Papae (Sayings of the Pope, aka the Dictates of Hildebrand), in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
• 8 October – King Dmitar Zvonimir of Croatia was crowned in Solin near Split, by a representative of Pope Gregory VII.
• Revolt of the Earls: Three earls rebel against William I of England (William the Conqueror), in the last serious act of resistance to the Norman Conquest.
• First Battle of Langensalza: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Saxon nobles and subjugates Saxony.
• The Liao Dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripitaka is completed (approximate date).
• The Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem from the Fatimids.
• The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo solves a heated border dispute with the Liao Dynasty by dredging up old diplomatic records; he refutes Emperor Daozong of Liao's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern Pingquan in Hebei), and reestablishes the Song's rightful borders.

Births

• Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1137)
• Saint Magnus Erlendsson (d. 1116 or 1117)
• Adelaide del Vasto (d. April 16, 1118)
• Orderic Vitalis, monk and historian (approximate date)

Deaths

• June 10—Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)
• December 4—Anno II, archbishop of Cologne
• December 19—Edith of Wessex, queen of Edward the Confessor of England
• John Xiphilinus, Byzantine historian
• Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, King of Gwynedd

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