1077
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1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080
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The penance at Canossa January 21 wins absolution for Heinrich IV, but civil war begins in the German states. The king presents himself as a penitent at Canossa after a midwinter dash across the Alps with his wife, Bertha, to avoid public trial at home, but while Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) grudgingly accepts Heinrich's promises and his solemn oaths of contrition, the German nobility elects Rudolf of Swabia as anti-king with approval of the pope's legates. Heinrich has come to the stronghold of Matilda of Canossa, the "Great Countess" of Tuscany, now 30, to make rapprochement with the pope, who has excomunicated him. Matilda's husband, Godfrey the Hunchback, duke of Lorraine, died last year; she is a strong supporter of the pope; and she has led her own troops against Heinrich, whose "submission" is only a tactical ploy.
Agnes of Poitou, mother (and former regent) of the German king Heinrich IV, dies in a convent at Rome December 14 at age 53.
Hungary's Géza I dies after a 3-year reign and is succeeded by the son of the late Belá I, who will reign until 1095 as Ladislas I. Ladislas, 37, will support the pope in his conflicts with Heinrich IV and restore order and prosperity at home in the greatest reign since that of Stephen I.
Polish noblemen rebel against the autocratic rule of Boleslav II while he is in Russia reinstating a relative on the throne of Kiev. Bishop Stanislas (Szczepanski), 46, sides with the rebels.
The first English Cluniac monastery opens at Lewes.
The neo-Confucian philosopher Shao Yong (Shao Yung) dies in Henan (Hunan) Province at age 66 (approximate) after a career in which he has used the Yi Jing (I Ching, or Book of Changes) to develop theories that existence is based on numbers, particularly the number four: the universe is divided into four parts (sun, moon, stars, and zodiac), the Earth into four substances (fire, water, earth, and stone), the human body into four sense organs (eye, ear, nose, and mouth), ideas into four manifestations, actions into four choices. History, he has taught, consists of a series of repeating cycles lasting 129,600 years.
1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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In the year 1077
Food & agriculture
Europeans reinvent the whiffletree (also known as the whippletree), a way to harness two animals -- horses in Europe -- to the same cart. The whiffletree had originally been developed for oxen by the Chinese in the third century ce. See also 200 ce Food & agriculture.
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This article is about the year 1077.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 10th century – 11th century – 12th century |
| Decades: | 1040s 1050s 1060s – 1070s – 1080s 1090s 1100s |
| Years: | 1074 1075 1076 – 1077 – 1078 1079 1080 |
| 1077 by topic | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1077 MLXXVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1830 |
| Armenian calendar | 526 ԹՎ ՇԻԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5827 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -767–-766 |
| Bengali calendar | 484 |
| Berber calendar | 2027 |
| English Regnal year | 11 Will. 1 – 12 Will. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1621 |
| Burmese calendar | 439 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6585–6586 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙辰年十二月初四日 (3713/3773-12-4) — to —
丁巳年十二月十四日(3714/3774-12-14) |
| Coptic calendar | 793–794 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1069–1070 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4837–4838 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1133–1134 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 999–1000 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4178–4179 |
| Holocene calendar | 11077 |
| Iranian calendar | 455–456 |
| Islamic calendar | 469–470 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3410 |
| Minguo calendar | 835 before ROC 民前835年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1620 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1077 |
Year 1077 (MLXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Africa
- The Almoravids complete the conquest of the Ghana Empire, and reach Spain.
Asia
- The Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea and Jerusalem.
- Suleyman I of Rûm becomes the leader of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in modern Turkey.
- Anush Tigin Gharchai becomes, as a Seljuk vassal, leader of the Khwarezmid Empire.
Europe
- January 26 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication.
- January 28 – Walk to Canossa: The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.
- April 3 - The first Parliament of Friuli is created.
- April 3 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor granted the county of Friuli, with ducal status, to Sigaerd, Patriarch of Aquileia.
- Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror.
- The kingdom of Duklja is founded.
- The first recorded Trial by combat is held in England.
- Vsevolod of Kiev becomes the prince of Kievan Rus'.
- Alfonso VI of Castile conquers Coria.[1]
- The pope, Gregory VII, places the island of Corsica under the secular rule of the archbishop of Pisa.[2]
- Hugh of Burgundy supports the king of Aragon in his conquest of the castle of Muñones from the emir of Zaragossa.[3]
By topic
Arts
- The Bayeux Tapestry is made.
Religion
- The first English Cluniac Benedictine priory is established.
- Paul of Caen is installed as Abbot of St Albans; the building of St Albans Abbey Church commences.
- Pope Christodolos of Alexandria ends his reign as Coptic Pope.
- Dionysius V Lazaros becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
Births
- Joseph ibn Migash, rabbi (d. 1141)
Deaths
- April 25 – Geza I of Hungary
- Agnes de Poitou, wife of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor and regent (b. 1020)
- King Anawrahta of Burma (b. 1044)
- Abolfazl Beyhaghi, Persian historian and author (b. 995)
- Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher, cosmologist, poet and historian (b. 1011)
- Zhang Zai, Chinese Neo-Confucian moral philosopher and cosmologist (b. 1020)
References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ^ Colombani, Philippe (2010). Héros corses du Moyen Age. Ajaccio: Albiana. p. 173. ISBN 978-2-84698-338-9.
- ^ Canellas, Angel (1951). Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI. Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=2110493&orden=81753. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
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Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Mentioned in
Arnsberg
(city of west-central Germany)
Alexander I
(in archaeology)
Canossa
(village of north-central Italy)
1078
(chronology)
» More