1091
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The Treaty of Caen ends hostilities between England's William II and his brother, Normandy's Robert Curthose.
Muslim control of Sicily ends in February after 130 years. Noto yields to Roger Guiscard, and the count completes his conquest.
Almeria and Seville fall to the Berber army of the Almoravid sultan Yusuf ibn Tashufin (see 1090). The Abbasid vizier of Seville, Muhammad al-Mutamid, now 64, has gone in person to ask for Tashufin's help in resisting the Christian forces of León and Castile's Alfonso VI, but the sultan has laid siege to the city, Almoravid sympathizers betray al-Mutamid, the city falls after an heroic defense, and al-Mutamid is deposed. Tashufin sends him as a prisoner to Morocco, where he will be confined until his death in 1095 (see Murcia, 1092).
A gale knocks down London Bridge, forcing carts and pedestrians to cross the Thames by boat (see 1014; 1136).
The 33-year-old Persian theologian Abu Hamid Ghazali begins lecturing at a school founded by the vizier Nizam al-Mulk, who has gained renown for his treatise "The Book of Government; or Rules for Kings" ("Seyasat-nameh").
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1091
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This article is about the year 1091.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 10th century – 11th century – 12th century |
| Decades: | 1060s 1070s 1080s – 1090s – 1100s 1110s 1120s |
| Years: | 1088 1089 1090 – 1091 – 1092 1093 1094 |
| 1091 by topic | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1091 MXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 1844 |
| Armenian calendar | 540 ԹՎ ՇԽ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5841 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -753–-752 |
| Bengali calendar | 498 |
| Berber calendar | 2041 |
| English Regnal year | 4 Will. 2 – 5 Will. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1635 |
| Burmese calendar | 453 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6599–6600 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚午年十二月初九日 (3727/3787-12-9) — to —
辛未年十一月十九日(3728/3788-11-19) |
| Coptic calendar | 807–808 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1083–1084 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4851–4852 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1147–1148 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1013–1014 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4192–4193 |
| Holocene calendar | 11091 |
| Iranian calendar | 469–470 |
| Islamic calendar | 483–484 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1091 MXCI |
| Korean calendar | 3424 |
| Minguo calendar | 821 before ROC 民前821年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1634 |
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Year 1091 (MXCI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Europe
- William Rufus of France invades Normandy and gains a foothold in it.
- Ladislaus I of Hungary occupies Slavonia.
British Isles
- October 23 – London Tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in St Mary-le-Bow of London, England, which destroys London Bridge.
- Henry, son of William I, attempts a coup against his brothers but fails to seize the English throne.
- Cardiff Castle is built.
Mediterranean
- April 29 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs besiege Constantinople, but are defeated so decisively by Emperor Alexius I that they fade into oblivion.
- February; With the taking of Noto, the Normans complete the 30 year long conquest of Sicily from the Islamic rulers.
- The Islamic Abbadid dynasty ruling in Spain falls when the Almoravids storm Seville. Confronted with this new threat, the king of Badajoz, al-Mutawakkil ibn al-Aftas, obtains the support of Castile in exchange for the Muslim positions on the Tagus river — Sintra, Santarém and Lisbon.[1]
- Roger Guiscard takes Malta.
By topic
Religion
- Athanasius VI bar Khamoro becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
Births
Deaths
- June 17 – Dirk V, Count of Holland
- July 5 – Abbot William of Hirsau
- August 25 – Sisnando Davides, military leader
- December 19 – Adelaide of Susa, margravine of Turin
- Robert D'Oyly, first Lord of Oxford Castle
- King Stjepan II of Croatia, the last member of the Trpimirović dynasty, died peacefully without leaving an heir.
References
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
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