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Contents: political eventsreligion |
Antioch falls June 28 after a 9-month siege by the Crusader Bohemond of Otranto, who has himself been besieged by a 75,000-man Muslim army commanded by Kerbog, emir of Mosul. Bohemond has lost 5,000 of his 7,000 horses to hunger and disease; so many of his men have sickened and died so quickly that it has not been possible to bury all the corpses, and there has been a falling out between Norman and Provençal Crusaders, but the Muslims sustain heavy losses in the defeat of Kerbog's forces on the Orontes River, whereas the losses among Bohemond's 14,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry are only moderate.
The Scottish king Edgar cedes the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Man to Norway's Magnus III, who has been raiding the islands.
France's Philippe I makes his son Louis, 17, co-regent and charges him with resisting the intermittent attacks by England's William II Rufus and Normandy's William III.
A large fleet from Pisa reaches Corfu and remains through the winter to trade on the Byzantine-owned island (see 1099).
The Cistercian order of monks has its beginnings in the monastery of Citeaux founded by French ecclesiastic Robert de Molesmes, 69, and English ecclesiastic Stephen Harding, 50. Unlike the artistocratic and sedentary Benedictines, the Cistercians will become notable entrepreneurs, breaking away from feudalistic ways to pursue new opportunities, mastering the art of cost accounting, moving capital to venues where it can be best used, and turning profits back into their various ventures as they gain dominance over iron production in France and export wool production in England (see 1128).
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