1100
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1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100
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The papal legate Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, arrives at Jerusalem with his own army of Crusaders, announces that the election last year of Arnulf of Chocques (Arnulf Malecorne, or Arnulf of Rohea) was illegal, deposes Arnulf, makes himself patriarch, and invests Jerusalem's king Godfrey of Bouillon and Bohemond I, prince of Antioch, as his vassals. Godfrey of Bouillon dies at Jerusalem July 18 at age 39 after successful forays against the Seljuk Turks that have taken him as far as Damascus. Daimbert takes over as Jerusalem's ruler, but Godfrey's older brother Baldwin, count of Flanders (and count of Edessa northeast of Jerusalem) marches on the Holy City, forces Daimbert to crown him king, and will rule until 1118 as Baldwin I, with help from Tancred, the Sicilian Norman who is now prince of Galilee (see Daimbert, 1102).
England's William II Rufus dies August 2 at age 44 after being struck by an arrow while hunting in the New Forest. Sir Walter Tyrel is accused of having shot the arrow but flees the country to avoid a trial and then protests his innocence (Ralph of Aix is also accused). Others in the royal hunting train include William's 32-year-old brother, who will reign until 1135 as Henry I.
The antipope Clement III dies at Civita Castellana September 8 at age 75 (approximate) after a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popes Gregory VII, Victor III, and Urban II.
Middle English begins to supersede Old English, and the dialect of the Ile-de-France begins to prevail over other French dialects.
1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100
Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology:
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In the year 1100
Astronomy
Chinese astronomers build a stone planisphere of the heavens that correctly demonstrates the cause of solar and lunar eclipses. A planisphere is a device that shows a map of the heavens for whatever date and time it is set. See also 510 ce Astronomy.
ConstructionThe Anasazi of Chaco Canyon (New Mexico) construct the building we know today as Pueblo Bonito, with 800 rooms that could be home to as many as 1000 people. As an apartment house, it is not to be surpassed in size until a large apartment complex is built in New York City in 1882. See also 800 Construction; 1882 Construction.
Food & agricultureForks for dining reach Italy from the Middle East, the first inroads of the implement into Europe. See also 600 Food & agriculture; 1370 Food & agriculture.
Italians learn to distill wine to make brandy. See also 900 Food & agriculture; 1276 Food & agriculture.
MaterialsThe art of paper manufacture spreads from Cairo to Morocco. See also 900 Materials; 1150 Materials.
Iron production in China reaches an annual level of 170,000 metric tons (154,000 short tons). See also 954 Materials; 1340 Materials.
During the Song dynasty in China, true porcelain pottery is made, along with improved glazed stoneware called celadon. See also 800 Materials; 1375 Materials.
ToolsThe gravity-powered catapult, in which the principle of the lever is used to give great speed to a missile attached to the long arm of the catapult when a heavy weight brings down the short arm, is invented. The new catapult is more reliable than the torsion-powered catapult, in use for about 1400 years, since the new form is not affected by humidity. See also 100 ce Tools.
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This article is about the year 1100. For the Nokia mobile phone, see Nokia 1100. For the shotgun, see Remington 1100.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 10th century – 11th century – 12th century |
| Decades: | 1070s 1080s 1090s – 1100s – 1110s 1120s 1130s |
| Years: | 1097 1098 1099 – 1100 – 1101 1102 1103 |
| 1100 by topic | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1100 MC |
| Ab urbe condita | 1853 |
| Armenian calendar | 549 ԹՎ ՇԽԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5850 |
| Bahá'í calendar | -744–-743 |
| Bengali calendar | 507 |
| Berber calendar | 2050 |
| English Regnal year | 13 Will. 2 – 1 Hen. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1644 |
| Burmese calendar | 462 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6608–6609 |
| Chinese calendar | 己卯年十一月十八日 (3736/3796-11-18) — to —
庚辰年十一月廿九日(3737/3797-11-29) |
| Coptic calendar | 816–817 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1092–1093 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4860–4861 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1156–1157 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1022–1023 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4201–4202 |
| Holocene calendar | 11100 |
| Iranian calendar | 478–479 |
| Islamic calendar | 493–494 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Julian calendar | 1100 MC |
| Korean calendar | 3433 |
| Minguo calendar | 812 before ROC 民前812年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1643 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1100 |
Year 1100 (MC) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Americas
- The Ancient Pueblo Peoples culture rises (approximate date).
- Oraibi becomes and remains the first and oldest populated settlement in the USA and what is now Arizona.
- The city of Cusco, Peru is founded.
Asia
Eastern Asia
- The Liao Dynasty crushes the Zubu and takes their khan prisoner.
- Song Dynasty China's population reaches roughly 100 million.
- In the Song Dynasty capital of Kaifeng, the number of registered people within the walls is 1,050,000; the army stationed there boosts the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
- Emperor Huizong of Song starts to rule in China.
South West Asia
- January – The Saljukid ruler Mahmud I is expelled from Bagdad by his brother, Barkiyaruq but Mahmud I manages to retake the city during his Spring offensive.[1]
- Mai or June – Raymond de Saint-Gilles sails to Byzantium to obtain the support of the emperor Alexios in his attempt to seize Tripoli.[2]
- August 1 – A Genoese fleets leaves Italy to support the Crusaders' effort to conquer the coastal cities, the ships reach Latakia on September 25.[3]
- August – Bohemond I of Antioch is captured by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene, leaving Tancred as regent of the Principality of Antioch for two years.
- August 20 – with the support of the Venetian fleet, the Crusaders under Tancred of Hauteville captures the coastal city of Haifa.
- After a success over the Armenians of Cilicia and the emirate of Aleppo, Baldwin of Bourcq becomes Count of Edessa with the support of the patriarch Dagobert of Pisa.
- Genoa, Venice and Pisa gain trading privileges from the Crusader states in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.
- December 25 – Baldwin I becomes King of Jerusalem in replacement of his late brother Godefroy de Bouillon.[4]
Europe
- August 5 – at the death of his brother, William II, Henry I Beauclerc becomes King of England. The power of the new monarch is ill-assured and to mollify the barons he has to grant them the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of written constitution in Europe.[5]
- August 30 – after the failure of the Council of Liubech in 1097, the Congress of Vytechev establishes the peace and the feudal system in Kievan Rus, the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them and Sviatopolk II of Kiev becomes the first Grand Prince.
- September 16 – the Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops at the battle of Malagón (near today's Ciudad Real).[6]
- September 23 – at the death of William II, his adversary in the investiture controversy, Anselm, the exiled archbishop of Canterbury returns to England.
- October 18 – Peter I of Aragon conquers Barbastro (North) from the hands of the Almoravids.[7][8]
- November 18 – opening of the council of Poitier which is soon forcibly closed by the duke of Aquitaine, William IX, as the bishops were about to excommunicate once more the king of France, Philip I.[9]
- December 25 – Philip I of France associate his son to the government of the realm.
- In Iceland, the Althing decides that the laws should be transferred to a written form.
- Intense urbanistic activity in north and central Europe: Kalmar (Kungälv) and Varberg (Sweden) are chartered creation of the cities of Aach (southern Germany) and Nakléřov (in Bohemia, German: Nollendorf) and construction of the castle of Burgg Eppstein (central Germany).
- Philip I of France conquers the Vexin area and adds the city of Bourges and the province of Berry to his estate.[10]
By topic
Religion
- Dagobert of Pisa becomes Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.
- At the death of antipope Clement III, the supporters of the Holy Roman Emperor in Rome choose Theodoric as his successor.
- Frederick I of Schwarzburg becomes archbishop of Cologne and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.
- Foundation of the abbey near Sankt Georgen am Längsee (Austria).
- Foundation of the Diocese of Faroe (approx.)
Technology
Births
- May 23 – Emperor Qinzong of China (d. 1161)
- Mary and Eliza Chulkhurst, English conjoined twins (d. 1134)
- Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1148)
Deaths
- January 8 – Antipope Clement III
- February 23 – Emperor Zhezong of China (b. 1077)
- July 18 – Godfrey of Bouillon, King of Jerusalem
- July 23 – Warner of Grez, crusader, relative of Godfrey
- August 2 – William II of England
- September 16 – Bernold of Constance, German chronicler
- October 13 – Count Guy I of Ponthieu
- November 11 – Archbishop Thomas I of York
- December 22 – Duke Bretislav II of Bohemia
References
- ^ Maalouf, Amid (1983). La Croisade vue par les Arabes. Paris: Lattès. p. 74. ISBN 978-2-7096-0547-2.
- ^ Hill, John Hugh; Hill, Laurita Lyttleton (1959). Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105. Privat.
- ^ Hagenmeyer, Hendrich (1973). Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094-1100. Olms. ISBN 978-3-487-04756-0.
- ^ "Baldwin I of Edessa". http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_baldwini.htm. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "Communal Courts". http://vi.uh.edu/pages/bob/elhone/comcrts.html. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ Buresi, Pascal (2004). La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique. Publibook. ISBN 978-2-7483-0644-6.
- ^ Sénac, Philippe (2000). La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle. Maisonneuve et Larose. ISBN 978-2-7068-1421-1.
- ^ Catlos, Brian A. (2004). The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050-1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-521-82234-3. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EoDuA8fv9rEC&dq=christian+mercenaries+maghrib&source=gbs_navlinks_s.
- ^ O'Reilly, Patrice-John (1857). Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1,Parties 1 à 2. Delmas.
- ^ Hoefer, Jean (1862). Nouvelle biographie générale. Firmin Didot frères.
- ^ "The history of checkers". http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/historycheckers_smap.htm. Retrieved 5 Aug 2010.
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Gale World Chronology
People's Chronology. Copyright © 2005 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Houghton Mifflin Guide to Science & Technology
History of Science and Technology, edited by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. Copyright © 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Mentioned in
Middle English
(English language)
Greek Dark Ages
(in archaeology)
William II
(King of England)
Baldwin I
(King of Jerusalem)
Compound Interest
(in accounting)
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