1106

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political events

The Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV escapes his captors at Ingelheim; enters into negotiations at Cologne with English, French, and Danish supporters; and begins to collect an army to oppose his treacherous son but dies at Liège August 7 at age 54. His son Heinrich has received homage from some princes at Mainz in January, will be crowned in 1111, and reign until 1125 as Heinrich V, last of the Salic emperors who have ruled since 1024. The Billung family has held the ducal title to Saxony since 961 but loses it to the German Lothair of Supplingenburg, who will hold it until his death in 1137.

The Battle of Tinchebray (or Tinchebrai) September 28 ends after half an hour in defeat for the knights of Normandy's Robert II Curthose at the hands of England's Henry I, who has crossed the Channel during the summer to resume the invasion he began last year, laid siege to the castle of Tinchebrai held by William, count of Mortain and one of the few Norman barons still loyal to Robert. Most of Robert's army is captured or killed, all but a few of the prisoners will be released, but Henry takes his older brother home in chains to be incarcerated first in the 28-year-old Tower of London, later in the castles of Davizes and Cardiff; he will remain a prisoner until his death early in 1134.

The Almoravid ruler sultan ibn Tashufin dies after a 45-year reign in which he has expanded Almoravid territory from a small, poorly defended area in the Magrib into a vast empire that includes parts of what later will be Morocco and Algeria, the islands of Majorca, Minorca, and Ibiza, and the Iberian Peninsula mainland as far north as Fraga, bringing virtually all of Muslim Spain under his control. His son Ali ibn Yusuf succeeds him, all Muslim states in Andalusia will be under Almoravid suzerainty by 1110, and Ali ibn Yusuf will rule until 1143.

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